Abstract: A process for producing 1,2,4-triazol-5-one reacts a semicarbazide compound with a formic acid compound in the presence of a catalytic amount of a catalyst. The catalyst is selected from the group consisting of an organic sulfonic acid and a sulfonic acid-containing polymer or co-polymer, and mixtures thereof. The novel process of the present invention produces 1,2,4-triazol-5-one having significantly lower concentrations of chloride ion which are advantageous, for example, in the production of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one as an explosive used in castable explosive compositions. The organic sulfonic acid compound catalyst can be recovered and reused.

Abstract: A process for producing 1,2,4-triazol-5-one comprises reacting a semicarbazide compound with a formic acid compound formylating agent in the presence of a catalytic amount of a sulfur-oxygen containing acid.The process is able to produce 1,2,4-triazol-5-one from semicarbazide hydrochloride having significantly lower concentrations of chloride ion, which is advantageous, for example, in the production of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one as an explosive used in castable explosive compositions.

Abstract: A process for producing 1,2,4-triazol-5-one reacts an aqueous hydrazine solution with urea to form a reaction mixture of semicarbazide and ammonia, the reaction mixture is concentrated and an aqueous solution of a mineral acid added to form a slurry of a salt of semicarbazide. A formic acid compound is admixed with the slurry, and the slurry heated to produce 1,2,4-triazol-5-one. The novel process results in the production of a semicarbazide salt in situ and eliminates a number of process steps required in processes of the prior art.

Abstract: A process for the production of cellular products which comprises incorporating a blowing agent into rubber or a thermoplastic material uses as the blowing agent a tetrazole compound represented by the formula: ##STR1## in which R represents an alkyl, cycloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, aralkylene, alkenyl, alkenylaryl or alkenylaralkylene group.The novel blowing agents of the present invention include compounds which are liquids which may be directly incorporated into the molten rubber or thermoplastic material. The blowing agents of this invention are especially useful, as indicated, with polymers and copolymers that have high processing temperatures as they minimize polymer degradation and provide products with increased impact strengths.

Abstract: Described is a process for oxidizing 2-chloropyridine or 2-bromopyridine to the corresponding N-oxide with peracetic acid generated in situ from H.sub.2 O.sub.2 and acetic acid in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, alkali metal bisulfates, ammonium bisulfate, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Disclosing a process for making meta-aminobenzotrifluoride comprising:reacting meta-nitrobenzotrichloride with hydrogen fluoride in the presence of ammonium ions under a pressure of at least about 35 psig and at a temperature of at least about 55.degree. C. for sufficient time in the presence of water and a metal catalyst to form meta-aminobenzotrifluoride, wherein the amount of water added is at least one mole percent of the meta-nitrobenzotrichloride.

Abstract: A continuous process for producing a polybromopyridine compound comprises admixing a polychloropyridine compound with an anhydrous water soluble solvent in a first reaction zone to form a solution of the polychloropyridine compound. Hydrogen bromide gas is introduced into the solution while maintaining the temperature in the range of from about 70.degree. to about 140.degree. C. to produce a solution of the polybromopyridine compound. The solution is cooled to a temperature in the range of from about 5.degree. to about 35.degree. C. to precipitate the polybromopyridine compound from the anhydrous solvent. The polybromopyridine compound is separated from the anhydrous solvent and the anhydrous solvent is returned to the first reaction zone. Polybromopyridine compounds of increased purity are produced in a process having reduced material, energy and operating costs. The process does not require the use of water or other co-solvents nor the distillation of the reaction product mixture.

Abstract: A process for the production of m-fluoroacetophenone comprises reacting m-aminoacetophenone with a diazotization agent in the presence of hydrogen fluoride. The diazonium fluoride compound produced is decomposed by heating to produce highly pure m-fluoroacetophenone in good yields.

Abstract: A process for producing 2,6-dichloro-3-nitropyridine by reacting 2,6-dichloropyridine with nitric acid in the presence of about 10-65% strength by weight oleum.

Abstract: Disclosed is the improvement to the Craig process for producing 2-bromopyridine by the diazotization-bromination reaction of 2-aminopyridine with HBr in the presence of Br.sub.2 and a diazotization agent wherein the improvement is to conduct the reaction in the additional presence of H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 and to employ a molar ratio of HBr:2-aminopyridine in the range from about 1:1 to about 3.5:1 and to employ a molar ratio of H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 :HBr in the range from about 2:8 to about 8:2.

Abstract: Process for preparing fluoroaromatic or fluoropyridines by diazotization-fluorination of aromatic or heterocyclic amines in a solution of hydrogen fluoride containing selected tertiary amine compounds.

Abstract: Process for diazotization-fluorination of aromatic or heterocyclic amines in a solution of hydrogen fluoride containing ammonium ions.

Abstract: 2-Amino-5-halobenzotrifluorides are prepared to the virtual exclusion of other monohalogenated isomers by halogenating an aminobenzotrifluoride with a hydrohalide acid in the presence of selected oxidants.