Abstract: This disclosure is concerned with Anaerobutyricum soehngenii or relative thereof for use in preventing and/or treating hepatic steatosis, particularly nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and/or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), wherein the use is for increasing bile acid plasma level for reducing liver inflammation and/or for reducing hepatic necroinflammatory activity score. The Anaerobutyricum soehngenii or relative thereof may be combined with at least one Bifidobacterium species, preferably Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis or relative thereof and/or Bifidobacterium breve or relative thereof. In addition or alternatively, the Anaerobutyricum soehngenii or relative thereof may be combined with at least one Akkermansia species, preferably Akkermansia muciniphila or relative thereof.

Abstract: The use of allogenic fecal matter for the treatment of cachexia and/or cancer, wherein the allogenic fecal matter is obtained from at least one donor subject, wherein the at least one donor subject has a Body Mass Index (BMI) of at least 30 kg/m2, a HOMA-IR value below 2.5 mg/dL and/or an age below 60 years. Fecal matter from the at least one donor subject may be used to treat cancer and/or related conditions.

Abstract: An intervention strategy in the prevention or treatment of a subject having an inflammation-related disease such as Diabetes mellitus, autoimmune disease, inflammatory disease or cardiovascular disease. The intervention strategy preferably relates to administration of a chloro-, fluoro-, or bromo-substituted tryptophan, preferably 6-bromotryptophan, and/or a mono- or di-fatty acid substituted glycerol phosphocholine (GPC), preferably chosen from the group consisting of 1-myristoyl-2-arachidonoyl-glycero-phosphocholine (MA-GPC) and 1-arachidonoyl-glycero-phosphocholine (A-GPC), or any derivative or functional equivalent of these. Alternatively, the intervention relates to administration of a Desulfovibrio species, wherein the Desulfovibrio species is preferably chosen from the group consisting of Desulfovibrio piger, Desulfovibrio fairfieldensis, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, Desulfovibrio indonensis, Desulfovibrio alaskensis, Desulfovibrio vulgaris, Desulfovibrio vietnamensis and Desulfovibrio gigas.

Abstract: The use of fecal matter in the treatment of a subject having autoimmune disease, wherein the fecal matter is autologous to the subject, and preferably administered to the small intestine, preferably the duodenum, of the subject. The fecal matter can be one or more constituents of autologous feces, preferably chosen from the group consisting of bacteria, viruses, bacteriophages, fungi, metabolites, microRNAs, proteins, antibodies, and/or antigens.

Abstract: The use of fecal matter in the treatment of a subject having autoimmune disease, wherein the fecal matter is autologous to the subject, and preferably administered to the small intestine, preferably the duodenum, of the subject. The fecal matter can be one or more constituents of autologous feces, preferably chosen from the group consisting of bacteria, viruses, bacteriophages, fungi, metabolites, microRNAs, proteins, antibodies, and/or antigens.

Abstract: Compounds disclosed herein are effective against Ralstonia pickettii for treating or preventing insulin resistance, obesity or type II diabetes of a subject, and include an antibiotic effective against Ralstonia pickettii, an immunogenic compound producing a protective immune response, or an antibody which specifically binds to Ralstonia pickettii or a fragment thereof. In vitro methods for diagnosis or prediction of insulin resistance, obesity or type II diabetes include determining the presence of Ralstonia pickettii or of an antibody which specifically binds to Ralstonia pickettii in a test sample. An antibody binding specifically to an antigen of Ralstonia pickettii, a Ralstonia pickettii cell, or a nucleic acid hybridizing under stringent conditions to a nucleic acid from Ralstonia pickettii is disclosed. A kit including said antibody, the nucleic acid, and optionally a Ralstonia pickettii bacteria or a nucleic acid or protein thereof, a further reagent or a conventional kit component, is also disclosed.

Abstract: Described is the use of Eubacterium hallii et rel. and/or Alcaligenes faecalis et rel., as well as pharmaceutical, food, or feed compositions comprising these bacteria as a medicament, in particular, for preventing and/or treating insulin resistance and/or insulin resistance-related complications such as metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as insulin resistance in endocrine diseases (e.g., obese subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus, Cushing's disease and lipodystrophy syndromes. Also described is a method for preventing and/or treating insulin resistance and/or insulin resistance-related complications such as dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as insulin resistance in endocrine diseases (e.g., obese subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus, Cushing's disease and lipodystrophy syndromes) in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising the step of increasing the level of Eubacterium hallii et rel. and/or Alcaligenes faecalis et rel. in the small intestine.

Abstract: Described is the use of Eubacterium hallii et rel. and/or Alcaligenes faecalis et rel., as well as pharmaceutical, food, or feed compositions comprising these bacteria as a medicament, in particular, for preventing and/or treating insulin resistance and/or insulin resistance-related complications such as metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as insulin resistance in endocrine diseases (e.g., obese subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus, Cushing's disease and lipodystrophy syndromes. Also described is a method for preventing and/or treating insulin resistance and/or insulin resistance-related complications such as dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as insulin resistance in endocrine diseases (e.g., obese subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus, Cushing's disease and lipodystrophy syndromes) in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising the step of increasing the level of Eubacterium hallii et rel. and/or Alcaligenes faecalis et rel. in the small intestine.

Abstract: Described is the use of Eubacterium hallii et rel. and/or Alcaligenes faecalis et rel., as well as pharmaceutical, food, or feed compositions comprising these bacteria as a medicament, in particular, for preventing and/or treating insulin resistance and/or insulin resistance-related complications such as metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as insulin resistance in endocrine diseases (e.g., obese subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus, Cushing's disease and lipodystrophy syndromes. Also described is a method for preventing and/or treating insulin resistance and/or insulin resistance-related complications such as dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as insulin resistance in endocrine diseases (e.g., obese subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus, Cushing's disease and lipodystrophy syndromes) in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising the step of increasing the level of Eubacterium hallii et rel. and/or Alcaligenes faecalis et rel. in the small intestine.

Abstract: Described is the use of Eubacterium hallii et rel. and/or Alcaligenes faecalis et rel., as well as pharmaceutical, food, or feed compositions comprising these bacteria as a medicament, in particular, for preventing and/or treating insulin resistance and/or insulin resistance-related complications such as metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as insulin resistance in endocrine diseases (e.g., obese subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus, Cushing's disease and lipodystrophy syndromes. Also described is a method for preventing and/or treating insulin resistance and/or insulin resistance-related complications such as dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as insulin resistance in endocrine diseases (e.g., obese subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus, Cushing's disease and lipodystrophy syndromes) in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising the step of increasing the level of Eubacterium hallii et rel. and/or Alcaligenes faecalis et rel. in the small intestine.