Abstract: A craniode is positioned in an intra-osseous fashion, namely partly or wholly within the bone of the skull, without penetrating the interior of the skull, while also being positioned below the scalp. A craniode can be used to sense electrical signals from a brain, to electrically stimulate the brain, to emit light signals to the brain, to detect light signals from the brain, to perform functional near infrared spectroscopy on the brain, and to perform photobiomodulation on the brain; and can, for example, provide the ability to perform these procedures in daily life. To resolve the problem of connectivity, each craniode can be connected, or can be equipped with features that make it connectable, to a subcutaneous cable, thus enabling the long-term usage of the craniode in real-life settings; or, active electrodes can be used to transmit signals wirelessly. Transcutaneous and sub-scalp implantation techniques are also provided.

Abstract: Provided herein are neural interface systems for a patient, the systems comprising an implantable sensor device and an external processing device. The implantable sensor device comprises: an implantable lead assembly for implantation above the skull and below the skin of the patient, and for recording physiologic parameter information of the patient; and an implantable transmitter for receiving the physiologic parameter information from the implantable lead assembly and for transmitting patient data that is based on the physiologic parameter information. The external processing device receives the patient data from the implantable transmitter. Methods of provided a neural interface are also described.