Abstract: Microcapsules for inclusion in concrete are disclosed. The microcapsules are adapted to reduce the area of defects in the concrete. The microcapsules may include carbonatogenic bacteria spores in a liquid core, contained in a polymer layer. Also disclosed are concrete compositions including the microcapsules.

Abstract: A cationic polymer is disclosed, represented by: A) wherein “P1” and “P2” represent portions of the cationic polymer to which the first functional group shown in A is bonded, or B) wherein “P” represents the remainder of the cationic polymer to which the second functional group shown in B is bonded, or the cationic polymer may comprise one or more of the first functional groups as shown in A and/or one or more of the second functional groups as shown in B where X represents an anion, typically chlorine. The cationic polymers are useful as textile softeners and for enhancing substantivity and durability of active compounds co-deposited onto textiles with the cationic polymers. Also provided is a method for forming said cationic polymer, a textile treatment composition and a textile treated with said textile treatment composition.

Abstract: Microcapsules, for inclusion in concrete, adapted to reduce the area of a defect by at least 45% in said concrete once a quantity of said microcapsules has ruptured, said micro-capsules each comprising: a polymeric shell encapsulating a liquid core, wherein the polymeric shell comprises a substantially impermeable polymer layer and the liquid core comprises carbonatogenic bacterial spores, and optionally bacterial nutrients, dispersed in a liquid medium. Also disclosed is a concrete composition comprising a quantity of such microcapsules, and a method of reducing the area of a defect in concrete.

Abstract: A cationic polymer is disclosed, represented by: A) wherein “P1” and “P2” represent portions of the cationic polymer to which the first functional group shown in A is bonded, or B) wherein “P” represents the remainder of the cationic polymer to which the second functional group shown in B is bonded, or the cationic polymer may comprise one or more of the first functional groups as shown in A and/or one or more of the second functional groups as shown in B where X represents an anion, typically chlorine. The cationic polymers are useful as textile softeners and for enhancing substantivity and durability of active compounds co-deposited onto textiles with the cationic polymers. Also provided is a method for forming said cationic polymer, a textile treatment composition and a textile treated with said textile treatment composition.

Abstract: Microcapsules, for inclusion in concrete, adapted to reduce the area of a defect by at least 45% in said concrete once a quantity of said microcapsules has ruptured, said microcapsules each comprising: a polymeric shell encapsulating a liquid core, wherein the polymeric shell comprises a substantially impermeable polymer layer and the liquid core comprises carbonatogenic bacterial spores, and optionally bacterial nutrients, dispersed in a liquid medium. Also disclosed is a concrete composition comprising a quantity of such microcapsules, and a method of reducing the area of a defect in concrete.