Abstract: A spacer structure for a sandwich construction, formed from a material web which is provided with a plurality of cuts and which has a material web plane as a first plane, wherein, by forming the material web, at least one support platform is formed in portions which is spaced at a distance from the first plane and is arranged in a second plane. Spacing elements run along a direction of extent (?) from the first plane into the second plane in the transition zone from the first plane into the second plane and thus the spacing elements space the first plane apart from the support platform, the spacing elements having a twist about the direction of extent thereof along the direction of extent thereof (?), the twist being formed by the shaping of the material web being performed as bending.

Abstract: An optoelectronic solar cell test system including an exposure and measuring device for in-line measurement of solar cells and a control and evaluation unit, the exposure and measuring device configured to carry out test measurements for generating test-measurement data on a solar cell.

Abstract: An optoelectronic solar cell test system including an exposure and measuring device for in-line measurement of solar cells and a control and evaluation unit, the exposure and measuring device configured to carry out test measurements for generating test-measurement data on a solar cell.

Abstract: The invention relates to a rear face element for a solar module, said element being made of a material sheet that is shaped, in particular embossed and/or stamped. Some sections of the material sheet are arranged on a first plane, and some sections are arranged on at least one second plane parallel to the first plane. The material sheet forms spacer elements in a transition region between the first and the second plane in order to space the first plane from the second plane, and at least one first material sheet section extends from a first lateral edge to an opposing second lateral edge of the material sheet continuously, in particular in a linear manner. The invention also relates to a solar module and to a method for producing a solar module.

Abstract: The invention relates to a rear face element for a solar module, said element being made of a material sheet that is shaped, in particular embossed and/or stamped. Some sections of the material sheet are arranged on a first plane, and some sections are arranged on at least one second plane parallel to the first plane. The material sheet forms spacer elements in a transition region between the first and the second plane in order to space the first plane from the second plane, and at least one first material sheet section extends from a first lateral edge to an opposing second lateral edge of the material sheet continuously, in particular in a linear manner. The invention also relates to a solar module and to a method for producing a solar module.

Abstract: A solar module with a front side surface and a rear side surface, has a front side encapsulation element which forms the front side surface of the solar module, a multiplicity of solar cells which are connected electrically to one another, a rear side encapsulation element which forms the rear side surface of the solar module with a rear side surface plane and has a polymer plastic film, and at least one plug-in device connecting to a complementary structure. The plug-in device is at least partially laminated into the rear side encapsulation element, in the region of an overlapping section, wherein the rear site encapsulation element has an opening and the plug-in device is arranged at least partially in the opening. The plug-in device projects beyond the rear side surface plane of the solar module by a maximum of 15 mm.

Abstract: A solar cell includes a semiconductor wafer, at least one dielectric layer arranged on the semiconductor wafer, a metal layer arranged on the dielectric layer, and a contact structure arranged in the dielectric layer such that the contact structure provides an electrical connection between the metal layer and the semiconductor wafer. The contact structure has at least one first structure having a minimum dimension and at least one second structure having a maximum dimension, wherein the minimum dimension and the maximum dimension are defined along a surface of the semiconductor wafer and the minimum dimension of the first structure is greater than the maximum dimension of the second structure.

Abstract: A solar cell includes a semiconductor wafer, at least one dielectric layer arranged on the semiconductor wafer, a metal layer arranged on the dielectric layer, and a contact structure arranged in the dielectric layer such that the contact structure provides an electrical connection between the metal layer and the semiconductor wafer. The contact structure has at least one first structure having a minimum dimension and at least one second structure having a maximum dimension, wherein the minimum dimension and the maximum dimension are defined along a surface of the semiconductor wafer and the minimum dimension of the first structure is greater than the maximum dimension of the second structure.

Abstract: A solar module with a front side surface and a rear side surface, has a front side encapsulation element which forms the front side surface of the solar module, a multiplicity of solar cells which are connected electrically to one another, a rear side encapsulation element which forms the rear side surface of the solar module with a rear side surface plane and has a polymer plastic film, and at least one plug-in device connecting to a complementary structure. The plug-in device is at least partially laminated into the rear side encapsulation element, in the region of an overlapping section, wherein the rear site encapsulation element has an opening and the plug-in device is arranged at least partially in the opening. The plug-in device projects beyond the rear side surface plane of the solar module by a maximum of 15 mm.

Abstract: A solar cell includes a semiconductor substrate, a rear side passivation layer arranged on a light-remote rear side surface of the substrate, a covering layer arranged on the rear side passivation layer, and a metallization layer arranged on the covering layer. The covering layer has a protective layer section facing the rear side passivation layer and a contact layer section facing the metallization layers.

Abstract: A process for producing a semiconductor device comprises the following process steps: provision of a semiconductor substrate (1); formation of a functional layer (2) on a semiconductor surface (11) of the semiconductor substrate (1); and production of at least one doped section (3) on the semiconductor surface (11) by driving a dopant into the semiconductor substrate (1) from the functional layer (2). The functional layer (2) is formed in such a way that it passivates the semiconductor surface (11), acting as a passivation layer upon completion of the semiconductor device.

Abstract: A solar cell includes a semiconductor substrate and an antireflection layer arranged on the light incidence side on the front-side surface of a semiconductor substrate. The antireflection layer has a limit voltage of less than 10 volts, less than 5 volts, or less than 3 volts, along a layer thickness of the antireflection layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel method for creating local contacts in solar cells. In the method, a surface passivation that has been applied to a semiconductor substrate is locally etched away using a plasma process with the help of a thin stretched, elastic foil. If necessary, deep doping gradients are then locally created at the same points by means of a hydrogen plasma treatment with the help of thermal donors so as to increase the diffusion length of the charge carriers in the direction of the contacts. Finally, local heterostructure contacts are applied through the same mask openings. The contacts are characterized by a much lower saturation current than common diffused contacts and are therefore particularly suitable for high-performance solar cells.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel method for creating local contacts in solar cells. In the method, a surface passivation that has been applied to a semiconductor substrate is locally etched away using a plasma process with the help of a thin stretched, elastic foil. If necessary, deep doping gradients are then locally created at the same points by means of a hydrogen plasma treatment with the help of thermal donors so as to increase the diffusion length of the charge carriers in the direction of the contacts. Finally, local heterostructure contacts are applied through the same mask openings. The contacts are characterized by a much lower saturation current than common diffused contacts and are therefore particularly suitable for high-performance solar cells.