Abstract: A method of transmitting a signal in an unlicensed radio band of a radio access network. The method includes: performing channel sensing of the sidelink channel by decoding sidelink information of the sidelink channel during a sensing period, to identify at least one transmission resource of the sidelink channel for transmitting the signal to the second radio node; Performing channel contention of the sidelink channel using a listen-before-talk mechanism during a contention period preceding the at least one identified transmission resource, wherein the sensing period and the contention period overlap at least partially; based on a positive result of the channel contention, accessing the sidelink channel for the duration of a channel occupancy time comprising the at least one identified transmission resource; and transmitting the signal from a first radio node to a second radio node using the at least one identified transmission resource of the sidelink channel.

Abstract: A method of a first radio node. The method includes: transmitting, from the first radio node, sidelink position reference signal configuration defining at least one position reference signal to be transmitted from a first radio node to the second radio node; generating at least one position reference signal as defined by the SPRS configuration transmitted to the second radio node; performing channel contention for the purpose of position reference signal transmission in a bandwidth range at least partially included in an unlicensed radio band, wherein the contention is performed using a listen before talk mechanism; based on a positive result of the channel contention, accessing the channel for the duration of a channel on time; and transmitting the at least one position reference signal to the second radio node during the channel on time.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of processing data associated with at least one component of a wireless communications system. The method includes: modifying at least one of a) a mapping from bits associated with data to be transmitted over the wireless communications system to symbols, b) a mapping of symbols to resources of the wireless communications system, based on at least one of: c1) a first parameter characterizing at least one performance indicator associated with a data transmission over the wireless communications system, c2) a second parameter characterizing at least one performance indicator associated with a positioning technique associated with the data transmission using the wireless communications system.

Abstract: A wireless communication method of a first radio node, for obtaining a position reference signal from at least a second radio node, based on a discontinuous reception pattern of at least the second radio node. The method includes: generating, at the first radio node, at least one ranging request; and transmitting the at least one ranging request comprising at least one position calculation indication to at least the second radio node such that at least the second radio node receives the at least one ranging request (SPRS) during an active reception period of at least the second radio node, wherein the active reception period of at least the second radio node is defined by a discontinuous reception pattern of at least the second radio node.

Abstract: A method for physical resource conflict avoidance when transmitting at least one position reference signal in a radio communication system comprising a first radio node and at least a second radio node. The method includes transmitting, from a second radio node to the first radio node, a position reference signal request, obtaining, at a first radio node, an initial position reference signal including resource elements arranged in a predetermined pattern within a side link position reference signal slot, forming, at the first radio node, a modified position reference signal based on the initial position reference signal, wherein the modified position reference signal has a reduced probability of conflicting with a further position reference signal transmitted by either the second radio node or a further radio node, transmitting, from the first radio node, the modified position reference signal to the second radio node via a side link channel.

Abstract: A method for radio communication, especially according to an estimation support mode. The method includes monitoring at least one downlink channel; determining at least one downlink channel quality associated with the monitored at least one downlink channel; determining, based at least on the at least one monitored downlink channel quality, at least one future downlink channel quality indicator that characterizes an estimated future quality associated with the downlink channel; determining, based at least on the at least one monitored downlink channel quality, at least one estimation quality indicator that characterizes an estimation quality of the at least one associated future downlink channel indicator; transmitting the at least one estimation quality indicator; and transmitting the at least one future downlink channel quality indicator.

Abstract: According to a general aspect. the present disclosure relates to a method for predicting a quality of service (QOS) of a communication service. The method includes receiving data for predicting the quality of service of the communication service and processing the data for predicting the quality of service of the communication service by a hybrid machine learning model to generate a prediction of the quality of service (QOS) of the communication service. The hybrid machine-learning model includes a first module configured to determine and/or predict one or more characteristics of the communication service. The first module encodes expert knowledge concerning the communication service in an algorithm configured to determine and/or predict the one or more characteristics of the communication module. The hybrid machine-learning model further includes a trained second module coupled to the first module.

Abstract: A method for radio communication. The method includes: receiving at least one conditional handover execution condition for conducting a conditional handover; determining at least one future QOS that characterizes a quality of at least one radio channel between a radio terminal and a radio access node for at least one future time instant; and evaluating the at least one handover condition based at least on the at least one future Qos.

Abstract: A wireless system includes a controller that is configured to measure a first Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP1) from a first carrier at a first time, measure a second Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP2) from a second carrier at a second time, annotate the RSRP1 to the first carrier and the RSRP2 to the second carrier, in response to the first time and the second time being within a contemporaneous period, associate the RSRP1 and RSRP2 to the contemporaneous period, create an N-Dimension vector of RSRP1 and RSRP2 at the contemporaneous period, process the N-Dimension vector via a trainable function to obtain a predicted data rate, and in response to the predicted data rate falling below a normal operating range threshold, operate the system in a low bandwidth mode.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program is described including circuitry configured for using a transmitter algorithm to convert one or more inputs at a transmitter of a transmission system into one or more data symbols, wherein: the transmission system includes the transmitter implementing said transmitter algorithm, a channel and a receiver including a receiver algorithm; the transmitter algorithm includes trainable parameters for converting one or more received data symbols into one or more outputs; and the transmitter algorithm is stochastic.

Abstract: A device and method for machine learning in a telecommunications network based on radio cells. A connection handover in the telecommunications network, in which a mobile terminal switches from one radio cell of the telecommunications network to another radio cell of the telecommunications network during a call connection or a data connection without interrupting this connection, is carried out as a function of a parameter. A series of observations of a property of a signal received by the mobile terminal in the telecommunications network is recorded. A series of observations of a signal, transmitted by a network device in the telecommunications network, for connection handover is recorded. A model for determining an estimated value for the parameter is determined as a function of the series of observations, and the estimated value is determined with the model.

Abstract: A method for training a reinforcement learning model forming a channel switching agent in a wireless communication network. The method includes: obtaining a predicted quality of service indicator for one or more channels of a wireless network for a future period of time; providing the predicted quality of service indicator as input to a reinforcement learning model which is configured to provide an output related to a channel selection for the first communication link; if the output indicates a selection of a new channel different from the currently active channel for the first communication link, initiating a channel switching procedure for the first communication link to a second channel; obtaining measurement results indicating a current quality of service for at least the first communication link; determining a reward for the reinforcement learning model based on the obtained measurement results; and adapting the reinforcement learning model based on the reward.

Abstract: A method, for example a computer-implemented method, for determining a position of a terminal device. The method includes: determining, by a network device, a position of a first terminal device, determining, by the network device, a position of a second terminal device, and initiating, by the network device, at least one sidelink-based positioning procedure associated with at least one of the first terminal device and the second terminal device.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for transmitting information. The method includes: transmitting, by a network device, a first information to a first terminal device, the first information instructing the first terminal device to perform at least one sidelink-based positioning procedure associated with at least one further terminal device, receiving second information from at least one of a) the first terminal device and b) the at least one further terminal device, the second information characterizing at least one result of the at least one sidelink-based positioning procedure.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for a terminal device. The method includes: providing, by a terminal device, a first information characterizing a position of the terminal device, performing at least one sidelink-based positioning procedure associated with at least one further terminal device.

Abstract: A method for operating a first apparatus. The method includes: collecting at least one first radio traffic data set that is associated with a utilization of at least one radio channel; training a machine-trainable function based on the collected at least one first radio traffic data set; collecting at least one second radio traffic data set, which is associated with the utilization of the at least one radio channel, wherein the second traffic data set is different from the first data set; determining, using the machine-trained function, at least one utilization scheme associated with the at least one radio channel based on the at least one second radio traffic data set; allocating at least one radio resource on the at least one radio channel according to the determined utilization scheme; and transmitting data via the at least one allocated radio resource of the at least one radio channel.

Abstract: A method for operating a first apparatus. The method includes: training at least one trainable function that is associated with the first apparatus and that is associated with at least one radio channel, and obtaining at least one trained function; collecting at least one radio traffic data set that is associated with a utilization of the at least one radio channel; determining, using the at least one trained function, at least one utilization scheme that is associated with the first apparatus based on the collected at least one radio traffic data set; monitoring whether at least one conflict control indicator is received, and determining at least one monitoring result from the monitoring; allocating radio resources of the at least one radio channel based on the monitoring result and based on the determined utilization scheme; and transmitting data via the allocated radio resources of the at least one radio channel.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for radio communication. The method comprises: transmitting first information that characterizes at least one quality associated with a downlink channel received by a radio terminal; and transmitting second information that characterizes a present or future environmental situation of a physical entity that is associated with the radio terminal.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program is described comprising: initialising trainable parameters of a transmission system having a transmitter, a channel and a receiver; generating training symbols on the basis of a differentiable distribution function; transmitting modulated training symbols to the receiver over the channel in a training mode; generating a loss function based on the generated training symbols and the modulated training symbols as received at the receiver of the transmission system; and generating updated parameters of the transmission system in order to minimise the loss function.

Abstract: A wireless system includes a controller that is configured to measure a first Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP1) from a first carrier at a first time, measure a second Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP2) from a second carrier at a second time, annotate the RSRP1 to the first carrier and the RSRP2 to the second carrier, in response to the first time and the second time being within a contemporaneous period, associate the RSRP1 and RSRP2 to the contemporaneous period, create an N-Dimension vector of RSRP1 and RSRP2 at the contemporaneous period, process the N-Dimension vector via a trainable function to obtain a predicted data rate, and in response to the predicted data rate falling below a normal operating range threshold, operate the system in a low bandwidth mode.