Abstract: Embodiments described herein may be related to apparatuses, processes, systems, and/or techniques for using x-rays to alter or observe circuits within a semiconductor device before, during or after a test of the semiconductor device. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.

Abstract: Pulsed beam prober systems, devices, and techniques are described herein related to providing a beam detection frequency that is less than a electrical test frequency. An electrical test signal at the electrical test frequency is provided to die under test. A pulsed beam is applied to the die such that the pulsed beam has packets of beam pulses or a frequency delta with respect to the electrical test frequency. The packets of beam pulses or the frequency delta elicits a detectable beam modulation in an imaging signal reflected from the die such that the imaging signal is modulated at a detection frequency less than the electrical test frequency.

Abstract: A polymer coating material is disposed at a surface of a semiconductor substrate, superimposing a readable mark formed thereupon. A perimeter of the coating material is configured to correspond approximately with a perimeter of the mark, and a thickness of the coating material is configured to be relatively conformal with the surface of the substrate. The mark remains readable through the coating material throughout manufacturing, reliability testing, and normal use. A substrate so formed may constitute a portion of an assembly and/or system (e.g., computer system). Throughout manufacturing, reliability testing and normal use, a readable mark provides product identification, traceability, and other benefits.