Abstract: An ink contains water, a coloring material, a resin, and an organic solvent, wherein the dried layer of the ink has a surface free energy ?S having a polar component ?Sp of from 3.5 to 20 J/m2 at 25 degrees C.

Abstract: An ink contains water, a coloring material, a resin, two or more types of organic solvents, and a surfactant, wherein the ink is horizontally discharged to a substrate.

Abstract: A clear ink includes resin particles, water, and a compound represented by General Formula (1) below. The resin particles have a volume average particle diameter of 50 nm or less. A dried film of the clear ink has glass transition temperatures (Tg) at 50 degrees Celsius or higher and at lower than 0 degrees Celsius. In the General Formula (1), R1 represents an alkyl group having 1 or more but 4 or less carbon atoms.

Abstract: A discharge apparatus includes an ink accommodating unit that accommodates a clear ink, a discharge head including a nozzle configured to discharge the clear ink to a print target, a heating unit configured to heat the print target, and a wiping member configured to wipe a nozzle-formed surface of the discharge head including the nozzle. The clear ink includes water and resin particles having a volume average particle diameter of 50 nm or less. A dried film of the clear ink has glass transition temperatures (Tg) at 50 degrees Celsius or higher and at lower than 0 degrees Celsius.

Abstract: An ink includes at least one polyether-modified siloxane compound, and at least one aliphatic alcohol alkylene oxide compound. The mass ratio of the polyether-modified siloxane compound to the aliphatic alcohol alkylene oxide compound in the ink is from 95/5 to 50/50.

Abstract: An ink comprises a pigment, a quinacridone derivative represented by the following Chemical formula 1. where R1, R2, R3, and R4 each, independently represent hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms, or alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. R5 and R6 each, independently represent alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and m and n each, independently represent 0, 1, or 2, excluding a case where both m and n are simultaneously 0, and a solvent A having an SP value of from 9.0 to 11.0, wherein the proportion of the solvent A in the ink is less than 10 percent by mass.

Abstract: An ink comprises a pigment, a quinacridone derivative represented by the following Chemical formula 1. where R1, R2, R3, and R4 each, independently represent hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms, or alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. R5 and R6 each, independently represent alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and m and n each, independently represent 0, 1, or 2, excluding a case where both m and n are simultaneously 0, and a solvent A having an SP value of from 9.0 to 11.0, wherein the proportion of the solvent A in the ink is less than 10 percent by mass.

Abstract: An ink includes at least one polyether-modified siloxane compound, and at least one aliphatic alcohol alkylene oxide compound. The mass ratio of the polyether-modified siloxane compound to the aliphatic alcohol alkylene oxide compound in the ink is from 95/5 to 50/50.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearer; a charging member to charge the surface of the image bearer; an irradiating member to irradiate the surface of the image bearer to form an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the image bearer; an developing member to develop the electrostatic latent image with a toner to form a visible toner image on the surface of the image bearer; and a transferring member to transfer the toner image onto a transfer material. The image bearer includes a charge generation layer including an asymmetrical disazo pigment and a metal-free phthalocyanine pigment, and a charge transport layer. The irradiating member forms the electrostatic latent image at an irradiation energy greater than a half decay exposure of the image bearer and not greater than 2.5 times of the half decay exposure. The image bearer is not discharged every image forming process.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearer; a charging member to charge the surface of the image bearer; an irradiating member to irradiate the surface of the image bearer to form an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the image bearer; an developing member to develop the electrostatic latent image with a toner to form a visible toner image on the surface of the image bearer; and a transferring member to transfer the toner image onto a transfer material. The image bearer includes a charge generation layer including an asymmetrical disazo pigment and a metal-free phthalocyanine pigment, and a charge transport layer. The irradiating member forms the electrostatic latent image at an irradiation energy greater than a half decay exposure of the image bearer and not greater than 2.5 times of the half decay exposure. The image bearer is not discharged every image forming process.

Abstract: A surface processor processing the surface of a recording medium before a toner image is formed thereon includes a surface reformer to reform the surface of the recording medium a toner image is formed on; and an applicator to apply the surface of the recording medium after reformed with a toner affinity ingredient.

Abstract: A surface processor processing the surface of a recording medium before a toner image is formed thereon includes a surface reformer to reform the surface of the recording medium a toner image is formed on; and an applicator to apply the surface of the recording medium after reformed with a toner affinity ingredient.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an electrophotographic photoreceptor that bears a latent image, an electrostatic charging unit that negatively charges the electrophotographic photoreceptor uniformly with electricity, and a latent image writing unit that writes a latent image on the electrophotographic photoreceptor. A one-component developing unit renders the latent image visible by developing thereof. A transfer device transfers the toner image from the electrophotographic photoreceptor onto a transfer medium. The inequality C×V<Q?1.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an electrophotographic photoreceptor that bears a latent image, an electrostatic charging unit that negatively charges the electrophotographic photoreceptor uniformly with electricity, and a latent image writing unit that writes a latent image on the electrophotographic photoreceptor. A one-component developing unit renders the latent image visible by developing thereof. A transfer device transfers the toner image from the electrophotographic photoreceptor onto a transfer medium. The inequality C×V<Q?1.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including an image bearing member having a photosensitive layer and the surface including concave portions having a concave diameter of from 5 to 200 ?m, an irradiation device that irradiates the surface of the image bearing member with light to form a latent electrostatic image thereon, a development device that develops the latent electrostatic image with a development agent containing toner to obtain a visualized image, a transfer device that transfers the visualized image to a transfer medium, a first cleaning brush to which a bias is applied with a polarity reverse to that of the toner remaining on the surface of the image bearing member after the visualized image is transferred, and a second cleaning brush to which a bias is applied with the same polarity as that of the toner remaining on the surface of the image bearing member.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor including a conductive substrate, a photosensitive layer, and a surface layer, which satisfies the following inequations: 0.005<WRa(LMH)<0.03??(i) 0.010<WRa(LHH)<0.03??(ii) 0.005<WRa(LML)<0.20??(iii) WRa(LLH)>WRa(LMH)??(iv) WRa(LLH)>WRa(LHH)??(v) wherein WRa (?m) represents a center-line average roughness of frequency components LHH, LHL, LMH, LML, LLH, and LLL that are obtained by subjecting a one-dimensional data array of a surface profile of the electrophotographic photoreceptor to wavelet transformation multiresolution analysis so as to be separated into 6 frequency components; thinning a one-dimensional data array of the lowest frequency component so that the number of data array is reduced to 1/40; and subjecting the thinned one-dimensional data array to wavelet transformation multiresolution analysis so as to be separated into the 6 frequency components LHH, LHL, LMH, LML, LLH, and LLL.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including an image bearing member having a photosensitive layer and the surface including concave portions having a concave diameter of from 5 to 200 ?m, an irradiation device that irradiates the surface of the image bearing member with light to form a latent electrostatic image thereon, a development device that develops the latent electrostatic image with a development agent containing toner to obtain a visualized image, a transfer device that transfers the visualized image to a transfer medium, a first cleaning brush to which a bias is applied with a polarity reverse to that of the toner remaining on the surface of the image bearing member after the visualized image is transferred, and a second cleaning brush to which a bias is applied with the same polarity as that of the toner remaining on the surface of the image bearing member.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor including a conductive substrate, a photosensitive layer, and a surface layer, which satisfies the following inequations: 0.005<WRa(LMH)<0.03??(i) 0.010<WRa(LHH)<0.03??(ii) 0.005<WRa(LML)<0.20??(iii) WRa(LLH)>WRa(LMH)??(iv) WRa(LLH)>WRa(LHH)??(v) wherein WRa (?m) represents a center-line average roughness of frequency components LHH, LHL, LMH, LML, LLH, and LLL that are obtained by subjecting a one-dimensional data array of a surface profile of the electrophotographic photoreceptor to wavelet transformation multiresolution analysis so as to be separated into 6 frequency components; thinning a one-dimensional data array of the lowest frequency component so that the number of data array is reduced to 1/40; and subjecting the thinned one-dimensional data array to wavelet transformation multiresolution analysis so as to be separated into the 6 frequency components LHH, LHL, LMH, LML, LLH, and LLL.