Abstract: The invention provides a lubricating composition containing an oil of lubricating viscosity and a dispersant treated with copper reagent. The invention further relates to methods of lubricating an internal combustion engine by supplying the described lubricating composition to the internal combustion engine. The invention further relates to the use of a dispersant treated with copper to reduce deposits on the inner surfaces of engine components.

Abstract: The invention provides a lubricating composition containing an oil of lubricating viscosity and a dispersant treated with cobalt reagent. The invention further relates to methods of lubricating an internal combustion engine by supplying the described lubricating composition to the internal combustion engine. The invention further relates to the use of a dispersant treated with cobalt to reduce deposits on the inner surfaces of engine components.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for reducing engine wear in the operation of an internal combustion engine, comprising: (A) recirculating at least part of the exhaust gas from the engine to the intake air supply of the engine; and (B) operating the engine using a water-blended fuel composition made by combining: (i) a normally liquid hydrocarbon fuel; (ii) water; and (iii) at least one surfactant.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for reducing engine wear in the operation of an internal combustion engine, comprising:

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for reducing engine wear in the operation of an internal combustion engine, comprising: (A) recirculating at least part of the exhaust gas from the engine to the intake air supply of the engine; and (B) operating the engine using a water-blended fuel composition made by combining: (i) a normally liquid hydrocarbon fuel; (ii) water; and (iii) at least one surfactant.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for reducing engine wear in the operation of an internal combustion engine, comprising:

Abstract: A highly pure, white, solid amine oxide is prepared in high yield with minimal decomposition of the solvent by (A) reacting a tert-amine with a 15-20% stoichiometric excess of concentrated hydrogen peroxide at 50.degree.-55.degree. C. in the presence of controlled amounts of carbon dioxide and ethyl acetate until the reaction mixture contains 35-45 % by weight of ethyl acetate and less than 0.8% by weight of unreacted amine, (B) catalytically decomposing residual hydrogen peroxide, (C) separating the reaction mixture from the decomposition catalyst, (D) cooling the reaction mixture to 0.degree. C. to form a slurry, (E) centrifuging the slurry to separate the amine oxide, and (F) vacuum drying the amine oxide at ambient temperature--the reaction mixture being diluted to an amine oxide content of 25-30% by weight with additional ethyl acetate or a mixture thereof with a co-solvent, such as a low-boiling n-alkane, after the completion of Step A and prior to the beginning of Step D.