Abstract: A thermal architecture of an electric vehicle includes a drivetrain system having a drivetrain, a cabin air system for providing conditioned air to an occupant compartment, a battery system having cooling components, and a refrigeration system for providing cooling to the cabin air system and the battery system. Control circuitry is configured to manage cooling or heating of components of the thermal architecture. For example, the control circuitry selects from among a mode for cooling a battery system and another mode for heating the battery system. In the heating mode, the control circuitry causes heat to be generated by the drive system, which may include one or more electric motors, and transferred to the battery system. The control circuitry receives a plurality of sensor signals from a sensor interface, generates one or more control signals, and cause valves and other components to achieve one or more cooling modes.

Abstract: Modular cooling apparatuses are disclosed. In one embodiment, a cooling apparatus includes an inlet manifold, a jet plate manifold, a plurality of jet plates, a vapor manifold, and a target layer. The inlet manifold includes a fluid distribution chamber, and a plurality of fluid distribution channels symmetrically located within the fluid distribution chamber. The jet plate manifold is coupled to the inlet manifold such that the plurality of jet plate openings is vertically aligned with respect to the plurality of fluid distribution channels. The plurality of jet plates is removably disposed in the jet plate manifold. The vapor manifold has a plurality of walls that define a vapor manifold opening and at least one outlet channel through at least one of the walls. The target layer is coupled to the vapor manifold such that the jet orifice surface of each jet plate is positioned above the target layer.

Abstract: Jet-impingement, two-phase cooling apparatuses having alternating vapor outlet channels are disclosed. In one embodiment, a cooling apparatus includes a fluid inlet channel, a jet orifice surface, and a target surface. The jet orifice surface includes an array of jet orifices. The jet orifices are arranged in rows. Coolant fluid within the fluid inlet channel flows through the array of jet orifices as impingement jets. The jet orifice surface further includes a plurality of vapor guide channels positioned between the plurality of jet orifice rows and parallel to a first axis such that the jet orifice surface is defined by alternating jet orifice rows and vapor guide channels. The target surface has a plurality of surface fins extending from a surface of the target surface and parallel to a second axis that is orthogonal to the first axis, wherein the jet orifice surface is positioned proximate the surface fins.

Abstract: Jet impingement assemblies and power electronics devices incorporating jet impingement assemblies are described. The jet impingement assemblies include a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, a manifold, and a heat distribution member. The manifold includes a distribution side in fluid communication with the fluid inlet, a collection side in fluid communication with the fluid outlet, a plurality of orifices extending from the distribution side to the collection side, and a return channel extending from the collection side to the distribution side. The heat distribution member is positioned proximate to the collection side of the manifold.

Abstract: Modular cooling apparatuses are disclosed. In one embodiment, a cooling apparatus includes an inlet manifold, a jet plate manifold, a plurality of jet plates, a vapor manifold, and a target layer. The inlet manifold includes a fluid distribution chamber, and a plurality of fluid distribution channels symmetrically located within the fluid distribution chamber. The jet plate manifold is coupled to the inlet manifold such that the plurality of jet plate openings is vertically aligned with respect to the plurality of fluid distribution channels. The plurality of jet plates is removably disposed in the jet plate manifold. The vapor manifold has a plurality of walls that define a vapor manifold opening and at least one outlet channel through at least one of the walls. The target layer is coupled to the vapor manifold such that the jet orifice surface of each jet plate is positioned above the target layer.

Abstract: Jet-impingement, two-phase cooling apparatuses having alternating vapor outlet channels are disclosed. In one embodiment, a cooling apparatus includes a fluid inlet channel, a jet orifice surface, and a target surface. The jet orifice surface includes an array of jet orifices. The jet orifices are arranged in rows. Coolant fluid within the fluid inlet channel flows through the array of jet orifices as impingement jets. The jet orifice surface further includes a plurality of vapor guide channels positioned between the plurality of jet orifice rows and parallel to a first axis such that the jet orifice surface is defined by alternating jet orifice rows and vapor guide channels. The target surface has a plurality of surface fins extending from a surface of the target surface and parallel to a second axis that is orthogonal to the first axis, wherein the jet orifice surface is positioned proximate the surface fins.