Abstract: A method of electrochemically reducing CO2 to form at least one alcohol, preferably ethanol. The method includes (a) contacting an electrode system with an aqueous solution comprising at least one electrolyte and CO2, wherein the electrode system comprises a working electrode, a counter electrode, and a reference electrode, wherein the working electrode comprises a base electrode and a coating of a composite comprising graphene nanosheets and Cu2O nanoparticles disposed on a surface of the base electrode, and (b) applying a negative potential to the working electrode to reduce the CO2 and form the at least one alcohol.

Abstract: A method of electrochemically reducing CO2 to form at least one alcohol, preferably ethanol. The method includes (a) contacting an electrode system with an aqueous solution comprising at least one electrolyte and CO2, wherein the electrode system comprises a working electrode, a counter electrode, and a reference electrode, wherein the working electrode comprises a base electrode and a coating of a composite comprising graphene nanosheets and Cu2O nanoparticles disposed on a surface of the base electrode, and (b) applying a negative potential to the working electrode to reduce the CO2 and form the at least one alcohol.

Abstract: A method of electrochemically reducing CO2 to form at least one alcohol, preferably ethanol. The method includes (a) contacting an electrode system with an aqueous solution comprising at least one electrolyte and CO2, wherein the electrode system comprises a working electrode, a counter electrode, and a reference electrode, wherein the working electrode comprises a base electrode and a coating of a composite comprising graphene nanosheets and Cu2O nanoparticles disposed on a surface of the base electrode, and (b) applying a negative potential to the working electrode to reduce the CO2 and form the at least one alcohol.

Abstract: The method of applying a polyelectrolyte multilayer film for corrosion control involves chemical and/or electrochemical pretreatment of a metallic substrate for better adherence of the protective film to the substrate. The method includes anodically polarizing the substrate in a solution of an acid for a period from one second to five hundred seconds before multilayer deposition. The acid may be an inorganic acid, such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, etc., or an organic acid, such as oxalic acid, acetic acid, etc. The method may include abrading the substrate and rinsing the substrate with deionized water before polarizing the substrate, and applying the polyelectrolyte multilayers following pretreatment.

Abstract: The method of applying a polyelectrolyte multilayer film for corrosion control involves chemical and/or electrochemical pretreatment of a metallic substrate for better adherence of the protective film to the substrate. The method includes anodically polarizing the substrate in a solution of an acid for a period from one second to five hundred seconds before multilayer deposition. The acid may be an inorganic acid, such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, etc., or an organic acid, such as oxalic acid, acetic acid, etc. The method may include abrading the substrate and rinsing the substrate with deionized water before polarizing the substrate, and applying the polyelectrolyte multilayers following pretreatment.