Abstract: Provided are composite electrolytes having a bio-based gel electrolyte in an ordered structure of a porous solid. In some embodiments, the gel electrolyte includes a glycolate gel, a glycerate gel, a bio-based compound-derived gel or a combination thereof. Also provided are electrochemical systems (electrodeposition), redox flow batteries, fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries and lithium-metal batteries including the composite electrolytes, and methods for producing gel electrolytes. In some embodiments, the methods including reacting a polyol, optionally ethylene glycol, propanediol, butanediol, pentanediol, diethylene glycol, glycerol, or any combination thereof, with a lithium metal and/or a lithium salt, optionally lithium hydroxide, a sodium salt, optionally sodium hydroxide (NaOH), NaTFSI, NaBF4, or NaPF6; an aluminum salt; a potassium salt, a magnesium salt; a calcium salt; a zinc salt; or any combination thereof.

Abstract: A centrifugal compressor for a chiller includes a casing, an inlet guide vane, an impeller downstream of the inlet guide vane, a motor and a diffuser. The casing has inlet and outlet portions with the inlet guide vane disposed in the inlet portion. The impeller is rotatable about a rotation axis defining an axial direction. A liquid injection passage is provided to inject liquid refrigerant into an area between the impeller and the diffuser. The motor rotates the impeller. The diffuser is disposed in the outlet portion downstream from the impeller with an outlet port of the liquid injection passage being disposed between the impeller and the diffuser. A controller is programmed to control an amount of the liquid refrigerant injected into the area between the impeller and the diffuser.

Abstract: A centrifugal compressor for a chiller includes a casing, an inlet guide vane, an impeller downstream of the inlet guide vane, a motor and a diffuser. The casing has inlet and outlet portions with the inlet guide vane disposed in the inlet portion. The impeller is rotatable about a rotation axis defining an axial direction, and the impeller is adjustably mounted within the casing along the axial direction between at least a first flow rate position and a second flow rate position. The motor rotates the impeller. The diffuser is disposed in the outlet portion downstream from the impeller with a outlet port of the outlet portion being disposed between the impeller and the diffuser.

Abstract: A centrifugal compressor for a chiller includes a casing, an inlet guide vane, an impeller downstream of the inlet guide vane, a rotational magnetic bearing, a magnetic bearing sensor, a motor, a diffuser and a controller. The casing has inlet and outlet portions with the inlet guide vane disposed in the inlet portion. The impeller is attached to a shaft. The radial magnetic bearing rotatably supports the shaft. The magnetic bearing sensor detects at least one of a position signal indicative of the shaft's position and a current signal indicative of current supplied to the magnetic bearing. The motor rotates the shaft in order to rotate the impeller. The diffuser is disposed in the outlet portion downstream from the impeller. An outlet port of the outlet portion is disposed between the impeller and the diffuser. The controller is programmed to predict surge based on the position signal and/or the current signal.

Abstract: A method of producing refrigeration includes compressing a refrigerant composition including R1233zd in a compressor having a magnetic bearing, within a chiller system.

Abstract: Methods of forming a geologic map usable for identifying prospective resource accumulations beneath the earth-surface are disclosed herein. The methods include obtaining a seismic stratigraphic structure of a subsurface region of the earth, determining a plurality of potential resistivity boundaries from the seismic stratigraphic structure, obtaining an electromagnetic data set resulting from an electromagnetic data acquisition of the subsurface region, recovering a resistivity map of the subsurface region by performing an inversion process guided by the seismic information, and resolving a geologic map from the resistivity map.

Abstract: A centrifugal compressor for a chiller includes a casing, an inlet guide vane, an impeller downstream of the inlet guide vane, a motor and a diffuser. The casing has inlet and outlet portions with the inlet guide vane disposed in the inlet portion. The impeller is rotatable about a rotation axis defining an axial direction. The motor rotates the impeller. The diffuser is disposed in the outlet portion downstream from the impeller with an outlet port of the outlet portion being disposed between the impeller and the diffuser. A hot gas injection passage is provided to inject hot gas refrigerant between the inlet guide vane and the impeller. A controller is programmed to control an amount of the hot gas refrigerant.

Abstract: A centrifugpl compressor for a chiller includes a casing, an inlet guide vane, an impeller downstream of the inlet guide vane, a motor and a diffuser. The casing has inlet and outlet portions with the inlet guide vane disposed in the inlet portion. The impeller is rotatable about a rotation axis defining an axial direction. The motor rotates the impeller. The diffuser is disposed in the outlet portion downstream from the impeller with an outlet port of the outlet portion being disposed between the impeller and the diffuser. A hot gas injection passage is provided to inject hot gas refrigerant between the inlet guide vane and the impeller. A controller is programmed to control an amount of the hot gas refrigerant.

Abstract: A centrifugal compressor for a chiller includes a casing, an inlet guide vane, an impeller downstream of the inlet guide vane, a motor and a diffuser. The casing has inlet and outlet portions with the inlet guide vane disposed in the inlet portion. The impeller is rotatable about a rotation axis defining an axial direction. A liquid injection passage is provided to inject liquid refrigerant into an area between the impeller and the diffuser. The motor rotates the impeller. The diffuser is disposed in the outlet portion downstream from the impeller with an outlet port of the liquid injection passage being disposed between the impeller and the diffuser. A controller is programmed to control an amount of the liquid refrigerant injected into the area between the impeller and the diffuser.

Abstract: A centrifugal compressor for a chiller includes a casing, an inlet guide vane, an impeller downstream of the inlet guide vane, a motor and a diffuser. The casing has inlet and outlet portions with the inlet guide vane disposed in the inlet portion. The impeller is rotatable about a rotation axis defining an axial direction, and the impeller is adjustably mounted within the casing along the axial direction between at least a first flow rate position and a second flow rate position. The motor rotates the impeller. The diffuser is disposed in the outlet portion downstream from the impeller with a outlet port of the outlet portion being disposed between the impeller and the diffuser.

Abstract: A centrifugal compressor for a chiller includes a casing, an inlet guide vane, an impeller downstream of the inlet guide vane, a rotational magnetic bearing, a magnetic bearing sensor, a motor, a diffuser and a controller. The casing has inlet and outlet portions with the inlet guide vane disposed in the inlet portion. The impeller is attached to a shaft. The radial magnetic bearing rotatably supports the shaft. The magnetic bearing sensor detects at least one of a position signal indicative of the shaft's position and a current signal indicative of current supplied to the magnetic bearing. The motor rotates the shaft in order to rotate the impeller. The diffuser is disposed in the outlet portion downstream from the impeller. An outlet port of the outlet portion is disposed between the impeller and the diffuser. The controller is programmed to predict surge based on the position signal and/or the current signal.

Abstract: A method of producing refrigeration includes compressing a refrigerant composition including R1233zd in a compressor having a magnetic bearing, within a chiller system.

Abstract: Methods of forming a geologic map usable for identifying prospective resource accumulations beneath the earth-surface are disclosed herein. The methods include obtaining a seismic stratigraphic structure of a subsurface region of the earth, determining a plurality of potential resistivity boundaries from the seismic stratigraphic structure, obtaining an electromagnetic data set resulting from an electromagnetic data acquisition of the subsurface region, recovering a resistivity map of the subsurface region by performing an inversion process guided by the seismic information, and resolving a geologic map from the resistivity map.