Abstract: Electrolytes and electrochemical cells include a novel ionic liquid having a quaternary cation and a boron cluster anion. In some versions, the boron cluster anion will be a functionalized or unfunctionalized icosahedral boranyl or carboranyl anion. Electrochemical cells have an electrolyte including the ionic liquid. In some versions, the ionic liquid is used as a solvent to dissolve an ionic shuttle salt for transport of active material, with an optional co-solvent. Methods to synthesize the ionic liquid include contacting a boron cluster salt with a quaternary salt to form the ionic liquid by a metathesis reaction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method, and a cell for carrying out the method for the electrochemical reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia. The method comprises the steps of: (1) contacting a cathodic working electrode comprising a nanostructured catalyst with an electrolyte comprising (a) one or more liquid salts optionally in combination with (b) one or more organic solvents having low viscosity and supporting high ionic conductivity, and (2) introducing dinitrogen and a source of hydrogen to the electrolyte, wherein the dinitrogen is reduced to ammonia at the cathodic working electrode.

Abstract: The invention relates to a phase change material including one or more salts of low vapour pressure and low flammability and an energy storage system, method and device comprising the phase change material.

Abstract: Electrolytes and electrochemical cells include a novel ionic liquid having a quaternary cation and a boron cluster anion. In some versions, the boron cluster anion will be a functionalized or unfunctionalized icosahedral boranyl or carboranyl anion. Electrochemical cells have an electrolyte including the ionic liquid. In some versions, the ionic liquid is used as a solvent to dissolve an ionic shuttle salt for transport of active material, with an optional co-solvent. Methods to synthesize the ionic liquid include contacting a boron cluster salt with a quaternary salt to form the ionic liquid by a metathesis reaction.

Abstract: Electrolytes and electrochemical cells include a novel ionic liquid having a quaternary cation and a boron cluster anion. In some versions, the boron cluster anion will be a functionalized or unfunctionalized icosahedral boranyl or carboranyl anion. Electrochemical cells have an electrolyte including the ionic liquid. In some versions, the ionic liquid is used as a solvent to dissolve an ionic shuttle salt for transport of active material, with an optional co-solvent. Methods to synthesize the ionic liquid include contacting a boron cluster salt with a quaternary salt to form the ionic liquid by a metathesis reaction.

Abstract: Electrolytes and electrochemical cells include a novel ionic liquid having a quaternary cation and a boron cluster anion. In some versions, the boron cluster anion will be a functionalized or unfunctionalized icosahedral boranyl or carboranyl anion. Electrochemical cells have an electrolyte including the ionic liquid. In some versions, the ionic liquid is used as a solvent to dissolve an ionic shuttle salt for transport of active material, with an optional co-solvent. Methods to synthesize the ionic liquid include contacting a boron cluster salt with a quaternary salt to form the ionic liquid by a metathesis reaction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an electrochemical cell comprising a cathodic working electrode comprising a nanostructured catalyst, a counter electrode and an electrolyte for the reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia. The invention includes introducing dinitrogen and a source of hydrogen to the electrolyte, wherein the dinitrogen is reduced to ammonia at the cathodic working electrode. The electrolyte comprises one or more liquid salts formed from the combination of a specified set of cations and a specified set of anions.