Abstract: The described invention provides methods for irradiating skin cancer cells, such as melanoma cells, at a high radiation rate (e.g., of 2,400 mu/min) and a modest total dose (e.g., of 0.5 Gy) to treat skin cancer or induce apoptosis in skin cancer cells. The radiation may be administered in a plurality of treatments and used in conjunction with chemotherapy.

Abstract: The described invention provides methods for irradiating skin cancer cells, such as melanoma cells, at a high radiation rate (e.g., of 2,400 mu/min) and a modest total dose (e.g., of 0.5 Gy) to treat skin cancer or induce apoptosis in skin cancer cells. The radiation may be administered in a plurality of treatments and used in conjunction with chemotherapy.

Abstract: A diagnostic method for a torsional vibration damper in a drive train of a vehicle may include the steps of providing a drive train having a drive unit (e.g., an internal combustion engine) for generating a driving torque, a drive shaft (e.g., a crankshaft) coupled to the drive unit for transmitting the driving torque to an output shaft, and a torsional vibration damper connected to the drive shaft for damping torsional vibrations of the drive shaft, capturing a reference vibration signal of the drive shaft in a reference state, capturing an operating vibration signal of the drive shaft in an operating state deviating from the reference state, and comparing the reference vibration signal to the operating vibration signal.

Abstract: A diagnostic method for a torsional vibration damper in a drive train of a vehicle may include the steps of providing a drive train having a drive unit (e.g., an internal combustion engine) for generating a driving torque, a drive shaft (e.g., a crankshaft) coupled to the drive unit for transmitting the driving torque to an output shaft, and a torsional vibration damper connected to the drive shaft for damping torsional vibrations of the drive shaft, capturing a reference vibration signal of the drive shaft in a reference state, capturing an operating vibration signal of the drive shaft in an operating state deviating from the reference state, and comparing the reference vibration signal to the operating vibration signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for controlling the operating mode of an internal combustion engine (1) comprising several cylinders (3) and an injection system (4) with one injection unit (5) per cylinder (3). According to said method: a digital measuring signal, which characterizes the combustion of fuel (6) in the internal combustion engine (1), is first determined; said digital measuring signal is then transformed into a frequency range; a misfiring of the ignition is detected using the amplitude information of the transformed measuring signal and if a misfiring has occurred, the injection of the individual cylinders (3) is deactivated sequentially for a predefined period and for each cylinder the corresponding digital measuring signal that characterizes said cylinder is determined and transformed into the frequency range and a misfiring cylinder (3) is identified during the evaluation of the transformed measuring signal using the amplitude information.

Abstract: The procedure is used for the operation of an internal combustion engine (1) with several cylinders (2, 3, 4, 5) into each of which fuel is injected. For a current operating point (15), the current correction factor (KM) for the injection into one of the cylinders (2, 3, 4, 5) is determined. Using the current correction factor (KM) at least some of the grid correction factors (KGA) which are stored in a correction factor characteristic map (13) for discrete operating points (16) of the internal combustion engine (1) are adapted. Here, a distance between the current operating point (15) and the discrete operating point of the grid correction factor (KGA) currently to be adapted is taken into account during the adaptation of the grid correction factors (KGA). Using updated grid correction factors (KGN) which are stored following adaptation in the correction factor characteristic map (13), an updated correction factor (KMN) is determined for the current operating point (15) and used for the injection.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for controlling the operating mode of an internal combustion engine (1) comprising several cylinders (3) and an injection system (4) with one injection unit (5) per cylinder (3). According to said method: a digital measuring signal, which characterizes the combustion of fuel (6) in the internal combustion engine (1), is first determined; said digital measuring signal is then transformed into a frequency range; a misfiring of the ignition is detected using the amplitude information of the transformed measuring signal and if a misfiring has occurred, the injection of the individual cylinders (3) is deactivated sequentially for a predefined period and for each cylinder the corresponding digital measuring signal that characterizes said cylinder is determined and transformed into the frequency range and a misfiring cylinder (3) is identified during the evaluation of the transformed measuring signal using the amplitude information.

Abstract: A method detects the beginning of combustion in an internal combustion engine (1) having several cylinders (2, 3, 4, 5), form a rotation speed signal determined for a shaft (6) of the engine (1). A segment signal (SS), whose signal length corresponds to an integral multiple of one or more full rotation of the shaft (6), is extracted from the rotation speed signal. A cylinder signal (ZS1, ZS2, ZS3, ZS4), which reproduces the operational state in a cylinder (2, 3, 4, 5), is generated from the segment signal (SS). The cylinder signal is transformed into a cylinder frequency signal (FS1, FS2, FS3, FS4) in an angular frequency range. Signal information indicating the beginning of combustion in the associated cylinder is extracted from the cylinder frequency signal at least one predefined angular frequency.

Abstract: The procedure is used for the operation of an internal combustion engine (1) with several cylinders (2, 3, 4, 5) into each of which fuel is injected. For a current operating point (15), the current correction factor (KM) for the injection into one of the cylinders (2, 3, 4, 5) is determined. Using the current correction factor (KM) at least some of the grid correction factors (KGA) which are stored in a correction factor characteristic map (13) for discrete operating points (16) of the internal combustion engine (1) are adapted. Here, a distance between the current operating point (15) and the discrete operating point of the grid correction factor (KGA) currently to be adapted is taken into account during the adaptation of the grid correction factors (KGA). Using updated grid correction factors (KGN) which are stored following adaptation in the correction factor characteristic map (13), an updated correction factor (KMN) is determined for the current operating point (15) and used for the injection.

Abstract: The method is used to detect the beginning of combustion in an internal combustion engine (1) comprising several cylinders (2, 3, 4, 5) by means of a rotation speed signal determined for a shaft (6) of the internal combustion engine (1). A segment signal (SS), whose signal length corresponds to an integral full rotation of the shaft (6), is extracted from the rotation speed signal. A cylinder signal (ZS1, ZS2, ZS3, ZS4), which reproduces the operational state in a cylinder (2, 3, 4, 5), is generated from the segment signal (SS). The cylinder signal (ZS1, ZS2, ZS3, ZS4) is transformed into a cylinder frequency signal (FS 1, FS2, FS3, FS4) in an angle frequency range. Signal information indicating the beginning of combustion in the associated cylinder (2, 3, 4, 5) is extracted from the cylinder frequency signal (FS 1, FS2, FS3, FS4) at least one predefined angle frequency.

Abstract: Combustion failures of an internal combustion engine are controlled in closed loop fashion by sampling an engine r.p.m. to obtain a speed signal. The speed signal is subjected to a Hartley-Transformation to obtain angular frequencies or engine orders which are further processed to identify the cylinder which had a combustion failure and thereby reduced an actual engine power output compared to a rated power output. A power output correcting signal is produced and supplied to the engine. The system for performing these steps includes at least a speed signal sampler, a frequency analyzer to perform the Hartley-Transformation, a cylinder identifier or classifier and a controller which supplies the closed loop control signal to the engine.

Abstract: Control of the operating mode of an internal combustion engine The invention relates to a control method for controlling the operating mode of an IC engine, in which a control device comprises a device for sampling signals, a downstream arranged device for frequency analysis as well as a downstream arranged device for cylinder classification, in which at first a speed signal is detected and subsequently the speed signal is transformed into an angle-frequency-range, wherein the transformation is effected by means of a Hartley-transformation. The invention further relates to a device for controlling the operating mode of an IC engine of a motor vehicle by means of such method as well as an IC engine.