Abstract: The present invention relates to myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and using these cells in conjunction with nuclear medicine imaging methods to image cancer tumors. The MDSC cells are separated from blood and either radiolabeled with nuclear medicine agents or pretargeting agents and reinjected in patient. The cells preferentially concentrate in tumors allowing imaging of cancer tumors. The imaging technique can be used to image tumors for diagnosis and/or assessment of treatment response for cancer patients undergoing cancer treatments.

Abstract: In one embodiment, one or more gateways sniff the voice channel during the voice mode. If it is determined that V.8bis signals are being initiated, then the gateway breaks these exchanges by suppressing such signaling. Modem relay communications then are allowed to proceed. Briefly, the method and apparatus involve monitoring a call during a voice mode phase for an initiating signal representative of the defined signaling, the monitoring being performed by a local gateway and, if such an initiating signal is detected during the monitoring, then suppressing such detected signaling in such manner that the signaling does not reach the remote gateway. Preferably, the monitoring is for an initiating signal characterized by a dual tone of defined frequency and duration of approximately 1375 Hz and 2002 Hz for a duration of approximately 400 ms or 285 ms, in agreement with the ITU-T Recommendation V.8bis (standard) adopted by the International Telecommunication Union.

Abstract: A network device and a method for its operation are disclosed. The network device has a first interface to a client device to allow reception of client device signals and a second interface to a packet network to allow transmission and reception of modem relay signals. A processor translates between modem relay signals received or transmitted on the second interface and client device signals received or transmitted on the first interface. In one implementation the modem relay originator and the client device are collapsed into one device and the first interface is implemented as a virtual interface.

Abstract: A network device is disclosed. The network device includes a port to allow the device to communicate on a full bandwidth channel, a main processor to control reception and transmission of data and a compressor. The compressor identifies repeated fixed sequences in the data, and replaces repeated fixed sequences with an identifier sequence, a count of repetitions and the fixed sequence. The network device may have a decompressor instead of, or in addition to, the compressor that can decompress received data that is compressed.

Abstract: The invented method and apparatus include a transport mechanism for transporting a non-V.42, e.g. a V.14 or synchronous modem, data stream in a modem relay connection utilizing the standard V.14 raw or character mode, the transport mechanism including a rate-control mechanism for substantially speed-matching the end-to-end flow of data. Preferably, speed-matching is based on a calculated effective data rate—which takes into account various character and link framing and compression overhead—rather than a physical layer rate. Rate-control methods include the use of receive not ready (RNR) to control data flow in a V.42 leg of a mixed non-V.42 and V.42 connection, a single leaky bucket technique and effective data rate-matching. Also proposed is a lossless compression mechanism (e.g. run-length encoding (RLE)) for encoding a data bit stream into modem relay packets. An auto-detection method on the non-V.

Abstract: A two stage compression sub-system for clear channel data. The front stage of the compressing sub-system is an octet based repeat compressor (for example a flag compressor). The second stage is dictionary based compressor (for example Lempel-Ziv (LZ) or Huffmann). Data is compressed using several different techniques, and the technique that provides the best compression is used for each particular packet. For example, each packet can be: a) compress through both compression stages. b) compress through front stage flag compressor only c) compress through back stage dictionary compressor only d) not compressed through either stage (for highly incompressible data) After compression, each packet is provided with a header which specifies the exact method used to compress that packet. At the decoder, the packet header is interrogated to determine how the packet should be de-compressed and the appropriate de-compression is then used.

Abstract: Text is interleaved and transported along with media data over the same real-time Internet Protocol (IP) media transport session. A network processing device identifies text characters corresponding with text signaling. The identified text characters are formatted into text packets and sent over the same real-time IP media transport session used for real-time media transport. The media transport session can identify the sequence that the text characters are transmitted and can specify a maximum character transfer rate.

Abstract: An improved method and system for connecting Super Group 3 fax machines over network gateways that operate using the un-enhanced T.38 protocol. With the present invention, the CM tone is suppressed. Thus a gateway that generates an AnsAm tone, will not receive a CM tone in response. The T.38 protocol does not specify what occurs if a CM tone is not received; however, it has been found that, in practice, existing fax machines fall back to V.21 mode if a CM tone is not received.

Abstract: A method and system for connecting V.34 enabled fax machines (that is fax machines capable of operating at 33,600 bps) over network gateways that use the un-enhanced T.38 protocol, that is, gateways that have not been upgraded to handle the V.34 33,600 bps protocol in fax relay mode. When a gateway detects a V.8 protocol signal, the signal is modified so that the fax machines fall back to non V.34 protocol and operate at a slower speed which the un-enhanced T.38 gateway is capable of handling.

Abstract: A modem data aggregating gateway that supports modem relay functionality for permitting reliable switching of modem traffic between a VoIP network and a data packet switch Internet Protocol (IP) network, s.a. the Internet. The modem relay aggregator may receive modem data encapsulated as Voice over IP (VoIP) data packets in accordance with a Simple Reliable Protocol Transport (SRPT) mechanism. The packet data may be error corrected and/or decompressed before being repackaged for forwarding to the ultimate destination. In the event that the destination is itself an IP device, the modem relay aggregator may forward the packets directly over the IP network. As a result, if the destination of a modem call is an IP device (such as a Web site or other Internet-enabled device) the technique eliminates two points from a processing path in which digital signal processing (DSPs) would otherwise have to perform modem protocol processing. Otherwise, minimal modem reformatting can be performed at the aggregation point.

Abstract: A modem data aggregating gateway that supports modem relay functionality for permitting reliable switching of modem traffic between a VoIP network and a data packet switch Internet Protocol (IP) network, s.a. the Internet. The modem relay aggregator may receive modem data encapsulated as Voice over IP (VoIP) data packets in accordance with a Simple Packet Relay Transport (SPRT) mechanism. The packet data may be error corrected and/or decompressed before being repackaged for forwarding to the ultimate destination. In the event that the destination is itself an IP device, the modem relay aggregator may forward the packets directly over the IP network. As a result, if the destination of a modem call is an IP device (such as a Web site or other Internet-enabled device) the technique eliminates two points from a processing path in which digital signal processing (DSPs) would otherwise have to perform modem protocol processing. Otherwise, minimal modem reformatting can be performed at the aggregation point.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are described for differential MoIP bring-up and compression negotiation. A first differential, and, more particularly, overlapping, bring-up method involves initiating a bring-up of a first layer associated with a first modem; imposing a time delay; after the time delay, initiating a bring-up of a second layer associated with a second modem; and delaying completion of the first layer bring-up associated with the first modem until substantial completion of the second layer bring-up associated with the second modem. Two alternative differential, and, more particularly, sequential, V.8 modem relay link bring-up methods involve first bringing up a physical layer at a first leg while delaying bring-up of the physical layer of the second leg until completion of the bring up of the physical layer at the first leg, and thereafter completing XID exchange.

Abstract: A modem data aggregating gateway that supports modem relay functionality for permitting reliable switching of modem traffic between a VoIP network and a data packet switch Internet Protocol (IP) network, s.a. the Internet. The modem relay aggregator may receive modem data encapsulated as Voice over IP (VoIP) data packets in accordance with a Simple Packet Relay Transport (SPRT) mechanism. The packet data may be error corrected and/or decompressed before being repackaged for forwarding to the ultimate destination. In the event that the destination is itself an IP device, the modem relay aggregator may forward the packets directly over the IP network. As a result, if the destination of a modem call is an IP device (such as a Web site or other Internet-enabled device) the technique eliminates two points from a processing path in which digital signal processing (DSPs) would otherwise have to perform modem protocol processing. Otherwise, minimal modem reformatting can be performed at the aggregation point.

Abstract: A two stage compression sub-system for clear channel data. The front stage of the compressing sub-system is an octet based repeat compressor (for example a flag compressor). The second stage is dictionary based compressor (for example Lempel-Ziv (LZ) or Huffmann). Data is compressed using several different techniques, and the technique that provides the best compression is used for each particular packet. For example, each packet can be: a) compress through both compression stages. b) compress through front stage flag compressor only c) compress through back stage dictionary compressor only d) not compressed through either stage (for highly incompressible data) After compression, each packet is provided with a header which specifies the exact method used to compress that packet. At the decoder, the packet header is interrogated to determine how the packet should be de-compressed and the appropriate de-compression is then used.

Abstract: The present invention is a two-pass method and apparatus for achieving maximal data compression for a voice frame modem relay channel between two endpoint modems. The method includes transitioning the channel from a voice mode to a modem relay mode of operation; negotiating maximal compression parameters for either of two endpoint segments; communicating the same from one segment to the other; and then negotiating maximal end-to-end data compression parameters based upon the negotiated endpoint segment compression parameters. The end-to-end negotiation preferably involves re-negotiating one of the endpoint segments.

Abstract: A system that packetizes telephone calls using loss-less codecs for transmission over a communication link. The system includes a call admission control mechanism that admits calls for transmission over the communication link. An adaptive system which monitors bandwidth usage and which dynamically provides a feedback loop to the CAC system. The bandwidth allocation for transmission of the calls and the admission of calls is based upon actual bandwidth usage conditions in the system.

Abstract: A two stage compression sub-system for clear channel data. The front stage of the compressing sub-system is an octet based repeat compressor (for example a flag compressor). The second stage is dictionary based compressor (for example Lempel-Ziv (LZ) or Huffmann). Data is compressed using several different techniques, and the technique that provides the best compression is used for each particular packet. For example, each packet can be: a) compress through both compression stages. b) compress through front stage flag compressor only c) compress through back stage dictionary compressor only d) not compressed through either stage (for highly incompressible data) After compression, each packet is provided with a header which specifies the exact method used to compress that packet. At the decoder, the packet header is interrogated to determine how the packet should be de-compressed and the appropriate de-compression is then used.

Abstract: A network device capable of transmitting data includes a processor, an encoder and a port. The encoder encodes the data using a known valid dictionary while constructing a new dictionary over an epoch of data. A network device capable of receiving encoded data is also disclosed. The network device includes a processor, a port and a decoder. The decoder is operable to decode the data using a known valid dictionary, while constructing a new dictionary over the epoch of data. When a valid dictionary has been constructed, the receiving device notifies the transmitting device.

Abstract: The invented method involves one or more gateways sniffing the voice channel during the voice mode. If it is determined that V.8bis signals are being initiated, then the gateway breaks these exchanges by suppressing such signaling, thereby avoiding the above-described detrimental effects. Modem relay communications then are allowed to proceed. Briefly, the method and apparatus involve monitoring a call during a voice mode phase for an initiating signal representative of the defined signaling, the monitoring being performed by a local gateway and, if such an initiating signal is detected during the monitoring, then suppressing such detected signaling in such manner that the signaling does not reach the remote gateway. Preferably, the monitoring is for an initiating signal characterized by a dual tone of defined frequency and duration of approximately 1375 Hz and 2002 Hz for a duration of approximately 400 ms or 285 ms, in agreement with the ITU-T Recommendation V.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for synchronizing two de/compression modems, e.g. V.42bis modems, in a voice frame network, the modems each being connected with a corresponding gateway to form a corresponding segment, are described. The method includes terminating the physical layer at either end of the corresponding gateways; negotiating at either gateway a physical layer and error-correcting data link layer with the corresponding modem; sending from either gateway to an associated modem in response to any poll command therefrom a not-ready message; signaling the other gateway when physical layer and error-correcting data link layer negotiations have been completed; and when each gateway has signaled the other that negotiations have been completed, halting the not-ready message-sending and sending instead a ready message to a corresponding modem, whereby synchronized compressed and decompressed data transmissions between the modems commences on a reliable transport.