Abstract: The present invention is related to an electrochemical processor, which comprises two electrodes of different electrochemical potential, which are bridged via an electrolyte. Upon, completion of the electric circuit between the two electrodes, the second electrode is oxidized and therefore changed in at least one physical parameter, e.g. the second electrode becomes transparent. The electrochemical processor is characterized in that the surface of the second electrode, which is in contact with the electrolyte, is partially covered with an electrically insulating material, wherein this material is adjacent to the electrolyte. Moreover, the present invention relates to the use of this electrochemical processor and a method of composing such electrochemical processor.

Abstract: The present subject matter can include a two-dimensional electrochemical writing assembly and uses thereof. The writing assembly can enable for time-dependently displaying of a physical parameter, such as a time-dependent display or recording of the temperature. The writing assembly comprises two different types of electrochemical processors, of which one type is used for controlling the time-dependent switching of the second type of electrochemical processors used in the writing assembly.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for activation of at least one element. The apparatus comprises at least one activation layer and at least one migration layer arranged at the at least one activation layer and being permeable to a fluid along a transversal direction across a surface of the at least one migration layer, such that a change of doping level in the at least one activation layer is achieved, for activating the at least one activation layer along the transversal direction, wherein a substrate onto which the activation layer and the migration layer are deposited comprises an opening being sealed by a gas permeable membrane, the gas-permeable membrane being in contact with a fluid container.

Abstract: An apparatus (1) for activation of at least one element is disclosed. The apparatus (1) comprises at least one activation layer (20), at least one migration layer (40) arranged at the at least one activation layer (20) and being permeable to a fluid (70). The fluid (70) causes in use a change of doping level in the at least one activation layer (20) which activates the at least one element. The element may comprise an electrochromic display element (220), an electrical switch, a time controlled resistor, a galvanic element (210) or any combination thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for removing liquid from endogenic tissue and determining concentrations of substances in this liquid, in which a hollow chamber (3), which is placeable in direct contact on the skin (1) covering the tissue with at least one contact opening (3.1) disposed on a contact surface (3.2) and the hollow chamber (3) is connected to a low pressure-producing element (P) via a channel (4.1).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a device for detecting and/or determining the concentration of analytes in a fluid to be analysed, for example a liquid. Methods and devices of this type are required in the field of analytical chemistry.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device and a method for performing syntheses, analyses or transport processes with a process fluid. Devices and methods of this kind are used in the field of combinatory chemistry, in-situ synthesis, parallel synthesis, solid phase synthesis or the production of arrays, especially in the field of DNA synthesis, DNA analysis, for example as DNA chips, and in the field of peptide chemistry, pharmaceutical active substance screening, high throughput screening (HTS), pharmacogenomics and the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for removing liquid from endogenic tissue and determining concentrations of substances in this liquid, in which a hollow chamber (3), which is placeable in direct contact on the skin (1) covering the tissue with at least one contact opening (3.1) disposed on a contact surface (3.2) and the hollow chamber (3) is connected to a low pressure-producing element (P) via a channel (4.1).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for detecting analytes and to a device for carrying out the method, for use for analysis or diagnosis in the fields of chemistry, biochemistry, molecular genetics, food chemistry, biotechnology, the environment and medicine. Marker particles (5) with different electrical properties or a different relative permeability to those of the measuring solution (3) surrounding them are used to detect the analytes (8). The marker particles (5) either bond specifically to the analytes (8) or to a base (2) in competition with the analyte. The analytes (8) are detected by the changes in an electrical field or an electrical current generated by electrodes (2) or in an electrical voltage applied to an electrode or in a magnetic field, said changes being caused by marker particles which have bonded with the analytes or by marker particles which have instead bonded to the base in an electrical field.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sensor system for measuring pressure profiles. Such systems can be used wherever pressure distributions in one or two dimensions are to be measured. An important field of application is medicine. Here pressure profile measurements, e.g. in urology, proctology, cardiology and other disciplines can be carried out with the aid of catheters. The measuring catheter is formed as a tubular flexible hollow body (1) of length L. An outer pressure load p(x) is represented on tube (1) as a cross-sectional function A(x). The local cross-section A(x) is scanned by the tube being filled from one side at (x=0) continuously with a liquid substance (I) which displaces substance (II) to the filling length XA. The filling length xA can be measured according to differing methods: measurement of the electrical resistance, measurement of the electrical capacity, measurement of acoustic resonance.

Abstract: The invention concerns a sampling system and a process for its production. Such systems can easily be employed throughout in chemical and biochemical analysis. The sampling system should be simply constructed and universally usable alone and in combination and fabricable with little effort. The sampling system constructed as per the invention for analytes which are fluid or are contained in fluids consists of a planar support with various holes in it through which the particular fluid can pass into a channel which it subsequently exits. The channel is at least partly covered by a cover over the side opposite the support. In addition, a membrane pervious to the analyte is inserted which at least partly covers the channel on its open upper side. The areas not covered by the cover can be used to extract the analyte or to make direct measurements.

Abstract: A miniaturized circulatory measuring chamber with integrated chemo- and/or biosensor elements including a substrate formed from a plate-shaped carrier. Within the plate-shaped carrier is inserted at least one containment tapering from a frontal surface of the plate-shaped carrier toward a second surface. At least one plate is connected to the second surface. At least one duct-shaped cavity is in contact with a small opening of the containment.

Abstract: A miniaturized sensor component for measuring concentrations of substances in liquids comprises a support that contains cavities accommodating a membrane. The membrane is produced in situ by polymerization or by precipitation from a solution. An electric lead is either mechanically connected to or integrated into the membrane and is in contact with the membrane. The membrane support is a capillarized solid and the membrane is produced in the capillaries by impregnating the support with a liquid that subsequently either polymerizes or evaporates leaving a residue.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing miniaturized chemical and biological sensor elements with ion-selective membranes. To simplify production in the micro range, an aperture (5,6) starting from the front (3) and tapering toward the back (4) is made in a thin silicon substrate (1) so that the front and back are interconnected. A liquid with which the ion-selective membrane is formed is poured into the containment (2) thus formed. Vertical ISFETs may also be made on the above principle.

Abstract: In known MOS dosimeters for measuring an energy dosage within radiation fields, which comprise a semiconductor substrate with an insulator layer and a metal contact or poly-si-contact, a measurement is taken and irreversible damage is done to the insulator layer. Prior art dosimeters of this kind cannot be electrically reset, nor can such MOS structures be directly integrated with evaluating electronics. The present invention avoids these drawbacks by providing a hard-radiation resistant insulator layer with a floating gate X. Such a resistant insulator layer is produced in a "hardened" process by thermal dry oxidation of silicon at low temperatures of about 850.degree. to 950.degree. C. The inventive dosimeter makes it possible to integrate, on the floating gate, both negative and positive charges. This permits an integration of MOS sensors and signal processing electronic elements on a single chip.

Abstract: A buried grid structure is produced in a semiconductor material particularly a silicon wafer, while using a metallic grid mask. The buried grid is formed directly within the semiconductor material by contradoping ion implantation by means of a high energy accelerator through the metallic grid mask. The bars or ribs of the metallic grid mask stop the ions passing therethrough so that two vertically separated and laterally offset buried grid structures are produced. By beveling the periphery of the wafer, buried conductive structures are formed at the same time as connections between the buried grid structures and a control electrode provided on the back side of the wafer.