Abstract: Disclosed herein a robust approach to monitor cell interactions with its surrounding environment in real-time in a physiologically relevant 3-D microenvironment, holding great promise for enhancing future studies of detecting and monitoring cell processes and responses to instructive cues and therapeutic agents. A microfluidic cell culture system is provided that involves a cell sensor in a 3D culture scaffold and one or more microfluidic channels fluidly connected to the 3D culture matrix. The cell sensor involves a planar nucleic acid nanostructure having a top surface and a bottom surface, a plurality sensor molecule attached to the top surface to detect at least two target molecules, and one or more membrane anchoring moieties attached to the bottom surface.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to biosensors and methods of use thereof.