Abstract: A method of forming a substrate includes mapping a three dimensional spatial distribution of at least one structural protein fiber of extracellular matrix of biological material of interest, designing a fiber assembly pattern based on an intrinsic pattern of the at least one structural protein fiber of the extracellular matrix of the biological material, and assembling fibers based on the fiber assembly pattern to form the substrate.

Abstract: A mechanoactive material includes a composite textile that includes a textile substrate formed from a plurality of fibers assembled in a fiber assembly pattern and a material deposited via an additive manufacturing technique onto and/or between the fibers of the textile substrate based on an additive manufacturing pattern. The composite textile includes at least one prestress and/or residual stress and/or exhibits a change in at least one mechanical property, material property, or structure in response to at least one endogenous and/or exogenous stimulus.

Abstract: A smart material includes a composite textile that includes a textile substrate and a material disposed via an additive manufacturing technique onto the textile substrate based on an additive manufacturing pattern. The composite textile includes a gradient in least one of mechanical property, material property, or structural property and/or exhibits a change in at least one mechanical property, material property, or structure in response to at least one external stimulus.

Abstract: A method of forming a substrate includes mapping a three dimensional spatial distribution of at least one structural protein fiber of extracellular matrix of biological material of interest, designing a fiber assembly pattern based on an intrinsic pattern of the at least one structural protein fiber of the extracellular matrix of the biological material, and assembling fibers based on the fiber assembly pattern to form the substrate.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to a multilayer surgical membrane. The surgical membrane can include a substantially fluid impermeable outer layer, an inner layer that includes a plurality of fenestrae, and a middle region disposed between the inner and outer layers. The middle region can include at least one channel that extends through the middle region. The middle region can have a first surface in contact with the inner layer. The at least one channel can imbibe fluid under a compressive or tensile load and the fenestrae can deform to exude fluid under the load.

Abstract: A flow directing material includes a substrate. The substrate includes a first region that exudes fluid under a compressive or tensile load and a second region that imbibes fluid under the compressive or tensile load. The first region has a first porosity and a first permeability and the second region has a second porosity and a second permeability. The first permeability and the second permeability are about 10?13 m2 to 105 m2. The first porosity and the second porosity are about 0.3 to about 0.7. The first porosity and the second porosity are at least about 5% different.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to a multilayer surgical membrane. The surgical membrane can include a substantially fluid impermeable outer layer, an inner layer that includes a plurality of fenestrae, and a middle region disposed between the inner and outer layers. The middle region can include at least one channel that extends through the middle region. The middle region can have a first surface in contact with the inner layer. The at least one channel can imbibe fluid under a compressive or tensile load and the fenestrae can deform to exude fluid under the load.

Abstract: A flow directing material includes a substrate. The substrate includes a first region that exudes fluid under a compressive or tensile load and a second region that imbibes fluid under the compressive or tensile load. The first region has a first porosity and a first permeability and the second region has a second porosity and a second permeability. The first permeability and the second permeability are about 10?13 m2 to 105 m2. The first porosity and the second porosity are about 0.3 to about 0.7. The first porosity and the second porosity are at least about 5% different.

Abstract: A composition and method for inducing bone growth and healing is provided. The composition is useful for promoting new bone synthesis, and to enhance the mechanical stability and longevity of orthopaedic implants. The composition includes a bone endogenous material which is used as raw material for the body's natural osteogenic mechanism to synthesize new bone. The composition has a flow phase and a congealed phase. The composition is applied, in the flow phase, within the reamed medullary canal of a long bone prior to insertion of an endoprosthesis. Following insertion of the endoprosthesis, the composition undergoes a phase change to the congealed phase, for example via cross-linking of the bone endogenous material in the composition, to provide a compliant barrier layer in the intra-medullary gap between the implanted endoprosthesis and the medullary canal wall.