Abstract: An electrosurgical system is provided and includes an electrosurgical instrument and an electrosurgical generator. The electrosurgical system obtains information about the tissue undergoing a sealing process in order to calculate information about the tissue undergoing the sealing process and, in real-time, modify the RF energy being provided to the electrosurgical instrument from the electrosurgical generator. In this way, the electrosurgical system manages the supply of RF energy to optimally seal different types of tissue. The electrosurgical instrument is configured to seal the tissue using the RF energy.

Abstract: One aspect of the current invention is an optimized synthetic mammalian expression plasmid with a mutated origin of replication (e.g. “mut” family of plasmids) comprising a therapeutic element, and a replication element. The therapeutic elements of this plasmid are operatively linked and located in a first operatively-linked arrangement. Additionally, the optimized synthetic mammalian expression plasmid comprises replication elements, wherein the replication elements are operatively linked and located in a second operatively-linked arrangement. The first-operatively-linked arrangement and the second-operatively-linked arrangement comprise a circular structure of the codon optimized synthetic mammalian expression plasmid.

Abstract: One aspect of the current invention is an optimized synthetic mammalian expression plasmid with a mutated origin of replication (e.g. “mut” family of plasmids) comprising a therapeutic element, and a replication element. The therapeutic elements of this plasmid are operatively linked and located in a first operatively-linked arrangement. Additionally, the optimized synthetic mammalian expression plasmid comprises replication elements, wherein the replication elements are operatively linked and located in a second operatively-linked arrangement. The first-operatively-linked arrangement and the second-operatively-linked arrangement comprise a circular structure of the codon optimized synthetic mammalian expression plasmid.

Abstract: One aspect of the current invention is an optimized synthetic mammalian expression plasmid with a mutated origin of replication (e.g. “mut” family of plasmids). This new plasmid comprises a therapeutic element, and a replication element. The therapeutic element of the new plasmid comprises a eukaryotic promoter; a 5? untranslated region (“UTR”); a codon-optimized-eukaryotic therapeutic gene sequence; and a poly adenylation signal. The therapeutic elements of this plasmid are operatively linked and located in a first operatively-linked arrangement. Additionally, the optimized synthetic mammalian expression plasmid comprises replication elements, wherein the replication elements are operatively linked and located in a second operatively-linked arrangement. The replication elements comprise a selectable marker gene promoter, a ribosomal binding site, a selectable marker gene sequence, and an improved origin of replication.

Abstract: One aspect of the current invention is a method designing and using species-specific or synthetic signal peptides and GHRH sequences for the purpose of preventing and/or treating chronic illness in a subject by utilizing methodology that administers a single dose of nucleic acid expression vector or nucleic acid expression construct encoding a GHRH or functional biological equivalent to a subject through a parenteral route of administration.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention is related to DNA vaccine formulations having enhanced stability comprising at least one DNA plasmid capable of expressing an antigen in cells of mammal and poly-L-glutamate; wherein the DNA plasmid is present in the vaccine formulation at a concentration of at least 1 mg/ml, and the poly-L-glutamate is present in the amount of weight that is 1% of the amount of DNA plasmid. Some aspects of the present invention is related to methods of stabilizing DNA plasmid in a DNA vaccine formulation. Additionally, the present invention is related to methods for introducing a DNA vaccine formulation having enhanced stability into a cell of a selected tissue in a recipient.

Abstract: One aspect of the current invention is an optimized synthetic mammalian expression plasmid with a mutated origin of replication (e.g. “mut” family of plasmids). This new plasmid comprises a therapeutic element, and a replication element. The therapeutic element of the new plasmid comprises a eukaryotic promoter; a 5? untranslated region (“UTR”); a codon-optimized-eukaryotic therapeutic gene sequence; and a poly adenylation signal. The therapeutic elements of this plasmid are operatively linked and located in a first operatively-linked arrangement. Additionally, the optimized synthetic mammalian expression plasmid comprises replication elements, wherein the replication elements are operatively linked and located in a second operatively-linked arrangement. The replication elements comprise a selectable marker gene promoter, a ribosomal binding site, a selectable marker gene sequence, and an improved origin of replication.

Abstract: One aspect of the current invention is a method designing and using species-specific or synthetic signal peptides and GHRH sequences for the purpose of preventing and/or treating chronic illness in a subject by utilizing methodology that administers a single dose of nucleic acid expression vector or nucleic acid expression construct encoding a GHRH or functional biological equivalent to a subject through a parenteral route of administration.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the role of dendritic cells in facilitating productive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Experimentally, productive infection with HIV-1 requires that virus be administered to T cells that are activated by mitogens. This application describes a productive milieu for HIV-1 infection within the confines of normal epithelial tissue that does not require standard stimuli. The milieu consists of dendritic cells and T cells that emigrate from skin and produce distinctive stable, nonproliferating conjugates. These conjugates, upon exposure to HIV-1, begin to release high levels of virus progeny. Numerous infected syncytia, comprised of both dendritic cells and T cells, rapidly develop. A method is disclosed for the identification of agents capable of inhibiting HIV transmission and chronic infection of dendritic cells and T lymphocytes found in epithelial tissues.