Abstract: Dual cure organotin salts of strong organic acids, the use of such salts as catalysts and an improved process for producing the catalysts are provided. The catalysts are capable of effectively catalyzing esterification and transesterification reactions and urethane, silicone, melamine, ester and acrylic forming reactions and can simultaneously catalyze more than one reaction in a mixture of urethane, silicone, amino, ester and acrylic polymer forming reactants to produce a polymer mixture.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a polystannoxane catalyst, a curable composition containing the catalyst and a method of using the catalyst and curing the composition. The curable composition comprises:(i) a blocked isocyanate;(ii) a functional component containing reactive hydrogen;(iii) a polystannoxane catalyst for promoting the reaction of the blocked isocyanate with the functional component.A co-catalyst may also be employed based on Cu, Zn, Ni, Zr, Ce, Fe, Co, V, Sb and Bi and especially oxides, salts or chelates of said metals. The invention also relates to a method for curing a blocked isocyanate at a low reaction temperature which comprises combining the catalyst with the blocked isocyanate and functional component and heating to a temperature less than about 180.degree. C. to obtain a cured urethane.

Abstract: A liquid coating composition comprises an organotin di- or tricarboxylate and an organic fluoroacid for forming a fluorine-doped tin-oxide coating on glass having good bulk resistivity and haze values. The method of coating a transparent substrate with the composition is also described. The preferred liquid coating composition comprises about 50 to 80 wt. % of dibutyltin diacetate, and about 20 to 50 wt. % of trifluoroacetic acid.

Abstract: Aryl substituted morpholinyl silanes, their preparation, compositions containing said compounds and their use as agricultural fungicides are disclosed.

Abstract: A novel polymeric binder for use in an antifouling paint includes an acrylic or methacrylic ester monomer having selected substituted aryl or arylalkyl substituent groups in the ester moiety so that the ester is hydrolyzable at a suitable rate in seawater, and a copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomer unit.

Abstract: A novel polymeric binder for use in an antifouling paint includes an acrylic or methacrylic ester monomer having selected substituent groups in the ester moiety so that the ester is hydrolyzable at a suitable rate in seawater, and a copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomer unit.

Abstract: A film-forming, water insoluble seawater erodible antifouling paint is described which is characterized by including a hydrolyzable organosilyl acrylate copolymer therein.

Abstract: The undesirable premature viscosity increase in polymer-based antifouling paints is retarded by incorporating into the formulation at least one hydroxylamine or alkanolamine in combination with a triorganotin compound. Alternatively, the reaction product of any of these materials may be utilized either singly or in combination with these components.

Abstract: A novel polymeric binder for an antifouling paint includes greater than 2.5 to less than 25 mole percent of a unit from a tributyltin acrylate or methacrylate monomer group, an acrylic or methacrylic ester monomer unit having selected substituent groups in the ester moiety so that the ester is hydrolyzable at a suitable rate in seawater, and a copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomer unit.The presence of the hydrolyzable ester group in the polymer binder of the present invention enables the paint to erode at a desired rate in seawater even with the low tin content in the polymer, thereby providing a desired low level of tin in solution and exposing a fresh paint surface periodically.

Abstract: Sterically-hindered triorganotin compounds of the general formula ##STR1## effectively combat fungi and mites when applied to objects, particularly plants, that are susceptible to attack by these organisms. The present compounds are particularly advantageous in that they are considerably less phytotoxic than homologous triorganotin compounds wherein the hydrocarbon radicals contain between 4 and 6 carbon atoms (e.g. n-butyl and n-hexyl radicals). In the foregoing formulae X is selected from the group consisting of a chlorine, bromine, fluorine, hydroxyl, cyanide, carbamate, thiocarbamate, amide (NH.sub.2), amino (NR.sub.2.sup.1 or NR.sup.1 H), nitrate, enolate, carboxylate ##STR2## phenoxy, alkoxy (--OR.sup.1) and mercaptide (--SR.sup.1) radical wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkyl or aryl radical containing between 1 and 12 carbon atoms, inclusive, Y is an oxygen, sulfur, or a sulfate radical and n is an integer between 0 and 4, inclusive.

Abstract: Asymmetrically substituted triorganotin compounds of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrocarbyl or --R.sup.2 COOR.sup.3 where R.sup.2 is alkylene and R.sup.3 is hydrocarbyl;X is halogen, hydroxyl, R.sup.4 COO-- where R.sup.4 is hydrocarbyl, --OR.sup.4, --SR.sup.4, --SR.sup.5 COOR.sup.4 where R.sup.5 is alkylene, ##STR2## carbamate or dithiocarbamate; Y is chlorine or bromine;Z is halogen, alkyl, trihalomethyl, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, phenyl or methylsulfonyl;a is 0 or 1 andA is oxygen or sulfurare useful fungicides and exhibit little or no phytotoxicity.

Abstract: Many varieties of harmful insects which attack useful plant crops can be controlled by treating the plants with compositions containing certain novel tetraorganotin compounds wherein three of the four hydrocarbon groups bonded to the tin atom are methyl and the remaining group is phenyl containing specified substituents or heterocyclic and is either bonded directly to the tin atom or separated from the tin atom by one methylene group. The present compounds exhibit unexpectedly superior insecticidal activity relative to prior art organotin compounds containing three methyl groups and a phenyl or an alkyl- substituted phenyl group bonded to the tin atom.

Abstract: Method of protecting plants from both fungal organisms and mites in the same treatment in which there is applied to the plant an amount of one or more of selected tricyclopentyl tin and tris(cyclopentylmethyl)tin compounds, which amount is sufficient to provide both antifungal and miticidal protection but is less than a substantially harmful phytotoxic amount. Counter ions in these compounds which are suitable include hydroxy, halo, oxo, thioxo, alkyl- and aryl carboxylate, thiocyanato, diloweralkyldithiocarbamoyl and diethoxyphosphinothioylthio.

Abstract: Triorganotin compounds of the general formula ##STR1## are efficacious insecticides when applieds to objects, particularly plants, that are susceptible to infestation by insects. In the foregoing formula R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are individually selected from the group consisting of linear and branched-chain alkyl containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms with the proviso that the total number of carbon atoms in R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is from 5 to 7, Y is selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, fluorine, hydroxyl, cyanide, carbamate, thiocarbamate, dithiocarbamate, nitrate, phenoxy, enolate, ##STR2## SR.sup.3, OR.sup.4, oxygen, sulfur, sulfate and phosphate, wherein R.sup.3 represents alkyl containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms or phenyl, R.sup.4 is alkyl containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a represents the valence of Y and is the integer 1, 2 or 3 and n represents an integer from 1 to 6, inclusive.

Abstract: Many varieties of harmful insects which attack useful plant crops can be controlled by treating the plants with compositions containing at least one tetraorganotin compound wherein three of the four hydrocarbon groups bonded to the tin atom are methyl and the remaining group is substituted aromatic or heterocyclic that is either bonded directly to the tin atom or separated from the tin atom by one methylene group. These compounds exhibit unexpectedly superior insecticidal activity relative to organotin compounds containing three methyl groups and a phenyl or an alkyl-substituted phenyl group.

Abstract: Many varieties of harmful insects which attack useful plant crops can be controlled by treating the plants with compositions containing certain novel tetraorganotin compounds wherein three of the four hydrocarbon groups bonded to the tin atom are methyl and the remaining group is phenyl containing specified substituents or heterocyclic and is either bonded directly to the tin atom or separated from the tin atom by one methylene group. The present compounds exhibit unexpectedly superior insecticidal activity relative to prior art organotin compounds containing three methyl groups and a phenyl or an alkyl- substituted phenyl group bonded to the tin atom.

Abstract: Tricyclopentyltin fluoride effectively controls plant fungi and various types of insects when incorporated into formulations that are applied directly to these organisms or to substrates, including living plants, that are susceptible to infestation with these types of organisms. This compound is particularly advantageous due to its broader activity spectrum and considerably lower phytotoxicity relative to other tricyclopentyltin compounds.

Abstract: Many varieties of harmful insects which attack useful plant crops can be controlled by treating the plants with compositions containing at least one tetraorganotin compound wherein three of the four hydrocarbon groups bonded to the tin atom are methyl and the remaining group is substituted aromatic or heterocyclic that is either bonded directly to the tin atom or separated from the tin atom by one methylene group. These compounds exhibit unexpectedly superior insecticidal activity relative to organotin compounds containing three methyl groups and a phenyl or an alkyl-substituted phenyl group.

Abstract: Tri(.beta.-substituted phenethyl)tin halides such as trineophyltin chloride are prepared by reacting three moles of the corresponding organomagnesium halide for every mole of an organotin trihalide containing an alkyl or a phenyl group bonded to the tin atom. The resultant tetraorganotin compound is reacted with an anhydrous stannic halide in a hydrocarbon diluent and the desired triorganotin halide is isolated following hydrolysis of the reaction mixture.

Abstract: The hydrolytic stability of catalyst-containing precursors for both flexible and rigid polyurethane foams wherein the catalyst is a tin compound is considerably increased when the catalyst is a triorganotin compound wherein the hydrocarbon groups bonded to the tin atom are methyl or methoxymethyl.