Abstract: A transformer bus coupler, which connects a transceiver to a data bus without impedance discontinuities. The transformer bus coupler maintains the voltage-to-current ratio of signals as they enter and leave the coupler by providing a shunt circuit that attenuates the current of these signals by the same ratio that the series elements of the coupler attenuate the voltage. The result is an avoidance of impedance discontinuities, which would otherwise result in the signal reflections and the loss of signal fidelity experienced by prior art data bus couplers.

Abstract: An incremental integrator integrates a signal from a previous time to the present time to obtain an average value for the signal. An input signal is applied to an analog integration circuit which performs a continuous integration of the input signal. A time delay circuit delays the output of the integration circuit for a time period equal to that of a sampling clock. The output of the delay circuit as well as the output of the integration circuit are applied to a differential amplifier. A sampling circuit samples the output of the differential amplifier so as to give a value equal to the integral for a period equal to the delay circuit period at the time the signal was sampled.

Abstract: A bi-phase signal detection apparatus having a milti-tapped delay line to delay a coded input signal. A polarity change in the input signal loads the signal on each delay tap into a parallel shift register. A subsequent delayed polarity change will apply the shift register signals into the decode logic circuit which determines the output signals.

Abstract: A digital pulse detection apparatus for correcting a distorted serial digital signal by differencing the signal and a delayed version of the signal in a differential amplifier to obtain the slope of the digital signal. The output signal from the differential amplifier is applied to a voltage hysteresis differential amplifier which provides the corrected digital output signal.

Abstract: A servo mechanism is illustrated whereby movement of a motor device subsequent to application of drive signals is sensed to determine erroneous movement due to detrimental forces such as spring action. Compensating signals are generated to modify the drive signals whereby the motor is accurately step positioned with each set of drive pulses.

Abstract: A servo mechanism is illustrated which uses pulse pairs for positioning a motor by a given increment with a velocity sensing sample and hold feedback utilized to minimize detrimental repositioning forces. The velocity sensing is accomplished after the end of the drive pulses since this sensed voltage is proportional to the magnitude of the detrimental repositioning forces.

Abstract: Magnetic field detection apparatus including means for supplying a periodic excitation signal to a rod of magnetic material having high permeability (whether or not it has hysteresis due to retentivity of the core or eddy currents) and means for sensing the external field wherein the material is situated. When the material has retentive properties and there is an external field being detected the flux lag (or lead) relative to the periodic excitation is longer for one flux direction that the other. The difference in these lags provides an indication of the field to be detected. When the material does not have retentive properties, an external field can still be detected by logic circuitry in an embodiment similar to the last mentioned embodiment.

Abstract: An integrator is illustrated which provides normal action integration operation as long as the input signals remain a given polarity. However, when the input signal changes in polarity, the integrating capacitor is substantially instantly discharged and then the integrator integrates, from the discharged capacitor condition, in the changed polarity direction until the input signal polarity again changes.

Abstract: A rod of magnetic material which has a very small diameter compared to its length is used in combination with a drive and output winding wound around the circumference of the core rod to provide the sensor for measuring magnetic field strength. The rod is periodically and cyclically driven to saturation in each direction by a triangular waveform drive signal generator. A point on the saturation curve in each direction of saturation is picked and the relative time between these points for a no external field condition is determined. Any deviation from this no external field condition is sensed and applied to an integrator which provides both the output signal and a feedback signal which is used in combination with the signal generator to compensate for effects of the external field on the saturation points in the sensor. When the output signal is representative of the magnetic field, there is again no deviation in the time of occurrence of saturation in the rod from the no external field condition.

Abstract: A magnetic field sensing device comprising a magnetic rod which is direction sensitive relative to the field being measured. The rod is of such design that the magnitude or the strength of the field being sensed, significantly affects the magnitude of the excitation field required to produce a saturation of the magnetic core. An external field in the longitude direction of the core will require that the excitation field magnitude required to produce a given level of saturation will be different in one direction than in the other, by magnitude equal to twice the component of the external field acting upon the core. The excitation field is produced by current in the winding with the current changing at a given rate so that the induced or output voltage is greater than a specified value; as long as the core permeability is greater than a given specified value.

Abstract: A magnetic field directional magnetic sensor wherein the magnetic material has a large length-to-diameter ratio and comprises two coils wound around the magnetic material which also have a small diameter compared to the length. A first coil is driven with a triangular waveform signal. After each occurrence of saturation, a voltage will be produced by the output coil. The voltage amplitude of the drive signal can be measured upon the occurrence of each of the output pulses from the second coil with the measuring or detection of the drive signal being used in a sample and hold circuit which averages the detected values for a determination of magnetic field being sensed in the longitudinal or long direction of the magnetic sensor.

Abstract: A magnetic tube is periodically saturated in the circumferential direction such that voltages are induced, in circumferential windings, from flux along the length of the magnetic tube, produced by an external field, immediately before and immediately after each occurrence of saturation.

Abstract: A magnetic field sensing circuit using three windings on a magnetic sensor with one winding using a locally generated excitation voltage, a second winding providing an output induced by the excitation voltage and a third winding both providing external magnetic field sense signals and serving as a feedback winding. The induced excitation voltage is used to generate a signal indicative of the flux in the core for the ultimate purpose of logically switching the sense winding so as to rectify it and supply it back to the third winding as a feedback signal for counteracting the flux in the sensor due to the external field being sensed.

Abstract: A control system using a duty cycle converter to convert an analog input into both a second order or velocity squared feedback as well as a set of clockwise and counterclockwise pulse trains the frequency of which is dependent upon the amplitude of the input signal. The velocity squared feedback is augmented by a position feedback from a stepper motor to provide optimum operation. To obtain optimum performance from a stepper motor, the rate of change of input pulses must not exceed a predetermined value for starting or stopping or the motor will react improperly to some of the pulses. The present system provides a linear increase in the step rate to a maximum and then a linear decrease in the step rate such that there is no overshoot beyond the requested analog input signal.

Abstract: The circuitry illustrated utilizes duty cycle conversion means for providing signals indicative of Sin and Cos of an angle .theta. as well as the derivative of Sin.theta. and Cos.theta.. The derivative signals are then duty cycle multiplied by the Sin.theta. and Cos.theta. signals and the products are summed to provide an output d.theta./dt which is indicative of angular rate of change.

Abstract: A voltage squaring circuit utilizing an analog signal to pulse rate converter wherein the signals used to control the pulse rate switches are additionally used to control another set of switches fed by the input signal. Thus, the output signal is a pulse rate signal whose amplitude is directly representative of the input signal and these output signals are controlled in pulse rate in accordance with the amplitude of the input signal thereby producing an output representative of the square of the input signal.

Abstract: An analog signal to duty cycle converter and/or multiplier utilizing an integrator which integrates a composite of an input voltage and a feedback signal to produce a triangular waveform. The triangular waveform, depending upon the polarity of the input signal and the resultant voltage magnitude of the triangular waveform activates one of two sets of voltage sensitive switches for periodically applying feedback voltages to the integrator. If the feedback voltage sources are allowed to vary in amplitude, this variation affects the current or charge passed in the duty cycle obtained and effectively results in multiplication of the input signal times the feedback voltage source amplitude.