Abstract: A method for preparing a ruthenium carbene complex precursor includes reacting a ruthenium refinery salt with a hydrogen halide to form a ruthenium intermediate, and reacting the ruthenium intermediate with an L-type ligand to form the ruthenium carbene complex precursor. A method for preparing a ruthenium vinylcarbene complex includes converting a ruthenium carbene complex precursor into a ruthenium hydrido halide complex, and reacting the ruthenium hydrido halide complex with a propargyl halide to form the ruthenium vinylcarbene complex. A method for preparing a ruthenium carbene complex includes converting a ruthenium carbene complex precursor into a ruthenium carbene complex having a structure (PR1R2R3)2Cl2Ru?CH—R4, wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 are alike or different, and wherein covalent bonds may optionally exist between two or more of R1, R2, and R3.

Abstract: Methods are provided for refining natural oil feedstocks. The methods comprise reacting the feedstock with a low-molecular-weight olefin or mid-weight olefin in the presence of a metathesis catalyst under conditions sufficient to form a metathesized product comprising olefins and esters. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise separating the olefins from the esters in the metathesized product. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise transesterifying the esters in the presence of an alcohol to form a transesterified product.

Abstract: A method for preparing a ruthenium carbene complex precursor includes reacting a ruthenium refinery salt with a hydrogen halide to form a ruthenium intermediate, and reacting the ruthenium intermediate with an L-type ligand to form the ruthenium carbene complex precursor. A method for preparing a ruthenium vinylcarbene complex includes converting a ruthenium carbene complex precursor into a ruthenium hydrido halide complex, and reacting the ruthenium hydrido halide complex with a propargyl halide to form the ruthenium vinylcarbene complex. A method for preparing a ruthenium carbene complex includes converting a ruthenium carbene complex precursor into a ruthenium carbene complex having a structure (PR1R2R3)2Cl2Ru?CH—R4, wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 are alike or different, and wherein covalent bonds may optionally exist between two or more of R1, R2, and R3.

Abstract: Methods are provided for refining natural oil feedstocks. The methods comprise reacting the feedstock with a low-molecular-weight olefin or mid-weight olefin in the presence of a metathesis catalyst under conditions sufficient to form a metathesized product comprising olefins and esters. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise separating the olefins from the esters in the metathesized product. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise transesterifying the esters in the presence of an alcohol to form a transesterified product.

Abstract: Methods are provided for producing a jet fuel composition from a feedstock comprising a natural oil. The methods comprise reacting the feedstock with a low-weight olefin in the presence of a metathesis catalyst under conditions sufficient to form a metathesized product. The methods further comprise hydrogenating the metathesized product under conditions sufficient to form a jet fuel composition.

Abstract: Methods are provided for producing a jet fuel composition from a feedstock comprising a natural oil. The methods comprise reacting the feedstock with oxygen under conditions sufficient to form an oxygen-cleaved product. The methods further comprise hydrogenating the oxygen-cleaved product under conditions sufficient to form a jet fuel composition.

Abstract: Methods are provided for refining natural oil feedstocks. The methods comprise reacting the feedstock in the presence of a metathesis catalyst under conditions sufficient to form a metathesized product comprising olefins and esters. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise separating the olefins from the esters in the metathesized product. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise hydrogenating the olefins under conditions sufficient to form a fuel composition. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise transesterifying the esters in the presence of an alcohol to form a transesterified product.

Abstract: Processes for producing aromatic monomers useful for forming polyesters are disclosed. Cost effective steps employed in the processes permit small amounts of process-related materials typically removed from monomer to remain in an aromatic monomer product. In many cases, the presence of the process-related materials left in the monomer product by the cost effective process steps can enhance the performance of the monomer in certain applications.

Abstract: Processes for producing aromatic monomers useful for forming polyesters are disclosed. Cost effective steps employed in the processes permit small amounts of process-related materials typically removed from monomer to remain in an aromatic monomer product. In many cases, the presence of the process-related materials left in the monomer product by the cost effective process steps can enhance the performance of the monomer in certain applications. Aromatic monomer products and polymers produced therefrom having these advantages also are disclosed, as well as products such as pasteurizable bottles made from these polymers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a multi-layer sheet in a which a foamed thermpolastic core layer is extrusion coated with a multi-resin reclaim-containing layer, and an EVOH or acrylonitrile barrier layer is laminated to the multi-resin layer. The multi-resin layer is formulated to contain at least about 5 weight percent, and preferably about 8 to about 16 weight percent, based on the weight of the layer, of an adhesive resin to reduce the tendency of the barrier layer to delaminate from the multi-resin layer over time. The preferred adhesive is EMA.

Abstract: A method of producing a thermoplastic foam sheet comprising the step of (a) foaming, by extrusion, a mixture comprising polystyrene and a thermoplastic reclaim material obtained from a multi-layer sheet manufacturing process, wherein said thermoplastic reclaim material comprises polystyrene and a thermoplastic barrier resin selected from the group consisting of (i) copolymers of ethylene and vinyl alcohol, and (ii) polymers comprising a copolymer of acrylonitrile, to produce a foam sheet having an upper and lower surface.

Abstract: The invention comprises a method for producing the multi-layer sheets of the invention comprising extrusion coating multi-resin layers onto each side of the foam core layer and then lamination of a barrier film layer onto one of the multi-resin layers.

Abstract: A polyamide composition comprising the following recurring units: ##STR1## in proportions such that the mole ratio of the dicarboxylic acid moieties in the A, B and C units is about 49.5-0.5/0-20/0.5-49.5 and wherein R is a divalent radical comprising ##STR2## in a mole ratio of about 0.5-50/49.5-0 and preferably having a glass transition temperature of 90.degree. C. or greater and an oxygen transmission rate of about 2.0 cc-mil/100 in.sup.2 -day-atm or less.

Abstract: The invention comprises a multi-layer thermoplastic foam sheet comprising a thermoplastic foam layer adjacent to at least one multi-resin layer, preferably comprising a reclaim material mixture recycled from the sheet manufacturing process, and which comprises a thermoplastic barrier resin. In a preferred embodiment, the multi-layer sheet of the invention comprises a four major layer sheet comprising a barrier film layer which comprises a thermoplastic oxygen barrier resin; an inner mutli-resin reclaim layer comprising the oxygen barrier resin used in the barrier film layer; a foam core layer adjacent to the inner multi-resin reclaim layer; and an outer multi-resin reclaim layer, also comprising the oxygen barrier resin, as the other outer layer of the multi-layer sheet.

Abstract: The preparation, structure, and properties of solid inorganic materials containing at least one rare earth element, aluminum, boron and oxygen are described. Also described is the use of such materials in catalytic compositions for the conversion of organic compounds. In particular, new materials comprising crystalline LnAl.sub.1.67+0.67X (B.sub.4 O.sub.10)O.sub.X where Ln is at least one Group IIIB element ion having effective ionic radii less than about 0.98 Angstroms at valence 3+ and coordination number VI, and X is a number ranging from 0 to 1, having a characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern are described as well as the use of such materials in various catalyzed processes including oxidative dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons and oxygen-containing hydrocarbons, dehydrogenation to functionalize alkylaromatic compounds, and ammoxidation of alkylaromatic compounds.

Abstract: Plastic bottles and a process for producing same in which at least one layer comprises a polyamide composition comprising isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, adipic acid, metaxylylenediamine and hexamethylenediamine moieties in a molar ratio of about 49.5-0.5/0-20/0.5-49.5/0.5-50/49.5-0.

Abstract: The preparation, structure, and properties of solid inorganic materials containing at least one transition element, aluminum, boron and oxygen are described. Also described is the use of such materials in catalytic compositions for the conversion of organic compounds. In particular, new materials comprising(a) crystalline LnAl.sub.1.67+0.67X (B.sub.4 O.sub.10)O.sub.X, and(b) crystalline LnAl.sub.2.67+0.33Z (B.sub.4 O.sub.11)O.sub.Zwhere Ln is at least one transition element, X is a number ranging from 0 to 1, and Z is a number ranging from 0 to 2, each crystalline phase having a characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern are described as well as the use of such materials in various catalyzed processes including oxidative dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons and oxygen-containing hydrocarbons, dehydrogenation to functionalize alkylaromatic compounds, and ammoxidation of alkylaromatic compounds.

Abstract: Conversion of alcohol to organic compounds which comprises contacting the alcohol with a heterogeneous catalyst composition comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of(a) crystalline LnAl.sub.1.67+0.67X (B.sub.4 O.sub.10)O.sub.X, and(b) crystalline LnAl.sub.2.67+0.33Z (B.sub.4 O.sub.11)O.sub.Zwhere Ln is at least one transition element selected from the group consisting of Group IIIB of the Periodic Table, X is a number ranging from 0 to 1, and Z is a number ranging from 0 to 2, each crystalline phase having a characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern.

Abstract: The present invention is a novel crystalline lead aluminum borate composition characterized by a unique x-ray diffraction pattern.