Abstract: A data processing method and apparatus based on neural population coding, a storage medium, and a processor are provided. The method includes: obtaining raw data and performing a common spatial pattern transformation on the raw data to obtain transformed data; obtaining, based on the transformed data, a first target function including a first matrix, where the first target function is a target function of a neural population coding network model of the raw data, and the first matrix is a weight parameter of the target function of the neural population coding network model; updating the first matrix according to a preset gradient descent update rule, to obtain a second matrix; and updating the first target function based on the second matrix.