Abstract: An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method and a monoclonal antibody for giant panda relaxin-3 (RLN3) are provided. The method includes: conducting ELISA with an anti-giant panda RLN3 monoclonal antibody as a coating antibody and an anti-RLN3 polyclonal antibody as a labeling antibody, where the anti-giant panda RLN3 monoclonal antibody is secreted by a hybridoma cell line RLN-3; and the hybridoma cell line RLN-3 was deposited in the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China on Jan. 7, 2021, with an accession number of CCTCC NO: C202129. In addition, an ELISA method for detecting RLN3 in giant panda urine is developed, in which a prepared anti-giant panda RLN3 monoclonal antibody is used as a coating antibody and an anti-giant panda RLN3 polyclonal antibody is used as a labeling antibody. The method can monitor a change in giant panda RLN3 timely by determining giant panda RLN3.

Abstract: This application discloses a data transmission method and device, a chip system, and a computer-readable storage medium. In the method, a station may receive preamble puncturing indication information that includes one or more indicators. An indicator of the one or more indicators corresponds to preamble puncturing information of a data packet. The station sends or receives the data packet based on the preamble puncturing indication information. The preamble puncturing information includes a size and location of preamble puncturing, or that there is no preamble puncturing. The preamble puncturing information may be an index indicated by the preamble puncturing indication information, to learn of a status of preamble puncturing in the data packet.

Abstract: The embodiments of the application provides a resource allocation method. In an example method, a trigger frame is sent by an access point to a station. The trigger frame includes one user information field, and the user information field may indicate a plurality of resource units allocated to the station.

Abstract: A communication method is applied to a wireless local area network (WLAN) system that supports a WLAN protocol and includes a quantity of subcarriers corresponding to a first channel in a first frequency band that is greater than or equal to a quantity of subcarriers corresponding to a second channel in a second frequency band. A ratio of a bandwidth of the first channel to a minimum channel bandwidth supported in the first frequency band is equal to a ratio of a bandwidth of the second channel to a minimum channel bandwidth supported in the second frequency band, and the minimum channel bandwidth supported in the first frequency band is greater than the minimum channel bandwidth supported in the second frequency band.

Abstract: This application relates to the field of communication technologies, and provides an information transmission method and an apparatus, to improve sensing performance. This application is used in a wireless local area network system supporting IEEE 802.11ax next-generation Wi-Fi protocols, for example, 802.11be, Wi-Fi 7, EHT, 802.11ad, 802.11ay, and 802.11bf, a next-generation 802.11be protocol, for example, Wi-Fi 8, or a next-generation 802.11 series protocol. In the method, a first device receives, from a second device, a PPDU for sensing measurement. The first device sends, to the second device, information indicating AGC.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and a related apparatus. The method includes: generating a trigger frame, where the trigger frame includes a user information field corresponding to one or more users; the one or more users include a first user using joint source and channel coding; and the first user corresponds to a plurality of user information fields, and a user information field corresponding to the first user indicates a layer frequency domain resource of the first user at a source layer, or the first user corresponds to one user information field, and the one user information field corresponding to the first user indicates a total frequency domain resource of the first user at all source layers; and sending the trigger frame, to receive a trigger-based physical layer protocol data unit of the first user.

Abstract: This application relates to the field of WLAN technologies, and in particular, to a null data physical layer protocol data unit transmitting method and an apparatus, and may be used in a wireless communication system that supports the 802.11be standard or the EHT standard. In the method, a first device transmits a sensing NDPA frame, where the sensing NDPA frame indicates to transmit an NDP; and then, the first device transmits the NDP, where the NDP is a first NDP or a second NDP. A physical layer version of the first NDP is different from a physical layer version of the second NDP. Correspondingly, a second device receives the sensing NDPA frame and the NDP from the first device.

Abstract: This disclosure discloses puncturing information indication methods and communication apparatuses. In an implementation, a method comprises generate a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) comprising a preamble, wherein the preamble comprises preamble puncturing information carried by a content channel and indicates preamble puncturing status of subchannels of a bandwidth of the PPDU, wherein the content channel is distributed on some subchannels of the bandwidth of the PPDU, and a bandwidth of the content channel is less than the bandwidth of the PPDU, and send the PPDU.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a measurement method, an apparatus, and a device. The embodiments may be applied to wireless local area network systems of the 802.11 series protocols such as 802.11be, Wi-Fi 7, EHT, Wi-Fi 8, 802.11bf, and sensing. The embodiments provide an approach of generating, by a first device, a sensing measurement setup request frame that includes first ranging indication information used to request a second device to perform ranging measurement in a sensing measurement process. The approach then sends, by the first device, the sensing measurement setup request frame to the second device.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose a monostatic sensing method and a related product. The method includes: performing monostatic sensing based on a first frame structure, to obtain a first sensing result; receiving a first request frame from a second device, where the first request frame is used to request to obtain a monostatic sensing result; sending a first response frame to the second device based on the first request frame, where the first response frame includes the first sensing result.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and a communication apparatus. In this method, a sensing receive device sends first information to a sensing transmit device in advance, to use the first information to indicate a padding requirement of the sensing receive device for a trigger frame. The padding requirement is for sensing. The sensing transmit device sends the trigger frame having a padding bit for sensing to the sensing receive device. The padding bit is determined based on the padding requirement indicated by the first information. Therefore, the trigger frame sent by the sensing transmit device satisfies the padding requirement of the sensing receive device for the trigger frame.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide an information indication method and a communication apparatus. The method is applied to a wireless local area network system that supports various IEEE 802.11 protocols such as the 802.11bf series protocols. The method includes: generating a PPDU, where the PPDU includes sensing indication information, the sensing indication information indicates that the PPDU is a PPDU used for sensing measurement, and the PPDU is a directional multi-gigabit DMG single carrier mode PPDU, an enhanced directional multi-gigabit EDMG single carrier mode PPDU, or an EDMG orthogonal frequency division multiplexing mode PPDU; and sending the PPDU. In this manner, a sensing PPDU and a non-sensing PPDU in a communication system can be distinguished, so that a receive end optimizes sensing performance.

Abstract: This disclosure discloses puncturing information indication methods and communication apparatuses. In an implementation, a method comprises generating a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) comprising a preamble, wherein the preamble comprises a universal-SIG (U-SIG) field, wherein the U-SIG field comprises mode indication information and preamble puncturing status indication information, and wherein the preamble puncturing status indication information indicates a preamble puncturing status corresponding to a mode indicated by the mode indication information, and sending the PPDU.

Abstract: A communication method includes a first device that determines channel state information based on a first frame that is used for channel measurement and that is sent by a second device, performs conjugate transpose and QR decomposition to obtain a matrix R and a matrix Q, and sends, to the second device, the matrix Q indicating attribute information of a target path.

Abstract: A data transmission method includes generating a signaling field of a PPDU, where a channel bandwidth for transmitting the PPDU includes at least two frequency segments, which include a first frequency segment, and the channel bandwidth includes an RU for MU-MIMO transmission; the signaling field includes a common field and a user-specific field, the user-specific field includes a user field corresponding to the RU, and the user field is a user field of a station to which the RU is allocated and that parks on the first frequency segment; and the common field includes a resource unit allocation subfield corresponding to the RU, indicating the RU and a quantity of user fields corresponding to the RU; and sending the signaling field on the first frequency segment. Some embodiments are applied to a WLAN system that supports 802.11be standard.

Abstract: Example data transmission methods and apparatus are described. One example method includes: An access point sends first indication information to a first station, where the first indication information indicates that the first station is accepted to obtain sensing information of a second station. The access point sends the sensing information of the second station to the first station, where the access point is a proxy of the first station, the proxy is configured to obtain the sensing information of the second station for the first station, the first station is a sensing by proxy (SBP) requesting station, and the second station is a SBP responding station.

Abstract: This disclosure discloses puncturing information indication methods and communication apparatuses. In an implementation, a method comprises generating a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) comprising a preamble, wherein the preamble comprises a universal-SIG (U-SIG) field, wherein the U-SIG field comprises mode indication information and preamble puncturing status indication information, and wherein the preamble puncturing status indication information indicates a preamble puncturing status corresponding to a mode indicated by the mode indication information, and sending the PPDU.

Abstract: This application relates to the field of wireless communication, and is applied to a wireless local area network that supports the 802.11 series standards such as the 802.11bf standard, and in particular, to a measurement setup identifier determining method and a related apparatus. The method includes: A requesting station requests an AP as a proxy of the requesting station to perform sensing measurement. The AP obtains parameters used by the AP and a sensing responder in a proxy sensing procedure, and identifies the parameters. The AP uses an identifier different from an existing identifier at the AP when identifying the parameters. The AP then sends the parameters and the identifier to the sensing responder.

Abstract: This disclosure discloses puncturing information indication methods and communication apparatuses. In an implementation, a method comprises generate a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) comprising a preamble, wherein the preamble comprises preamble puncturing information carried by a content channel and indicates preamble puncturing status of subchannels of a bandwidth of the PPDU, wherein the content channel is distributed on some subchannels of the bandwidth of the PPDU, and a bandwidth of the content channel is less than the bandwidth of the PPDU, and send the PPDU.

Abstract: In an information transmission method, a receiving device receives a data frame from a sending device. The data frame occupies a transmission resource block, and includes RU allocation information. The receiving device determines indication information based on a location of a 160 MHz channel with more data tones of the transmission resource block and a resource block size indicated by the RU allocation information. The receiving device then determines a response resource block based on the indication information and the RU allocation information, and sends an acknowledgment frame for the data frame to the sending device on the response resource block.