Abstract: An apparatus and a method for transmitting control information in a small base station of a wireless communication system are provided. In the method, when the small base station operates in a Low Duty operation Mode (LDM) in a superframe, a control signal including LDM operation information is generated. Only a subframe via which a preamble, a control signal including the LDM operation information, and a SuperFrame Header (SFH) are transmitted is transmitted during the superframe. When the small base station operates in a normal operation mode in a superframe, at least one of the control information and data is transmitted via at least one subframe of the superframe.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrolyte for a rechargeable lithium battery including boron containing compounds and a rechargeable lithium battery including the same.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for transmitting control information in a small base station of a wireless communication system are provided. In the method, when the small base station operates in a Low Duty operation Mode (LDM) in a superframe, a control signal including LDM operation information is generated. Only a subframe via which a preamble, a control signal including the LDM operation information, and a SuperFrame Header (SFH) are transmitted is transmitted during the superframe. When the small base station operates in a normal operation mode in a superframe, at least one of the control information and data is transmitted via at least one subframe of the superframe.

Abstract: A method to transmit a packet of a BS in a communication system using a HARQ scheme is provided. The method includes assigning resource for transmitting a packet to a mobile station, and transmitting a first packet to the mobile station using the assigned resource; transmitting timing information on which a second packet is transmitted to the mobile station when the BS does not receive information indicating that the mobile station decoded the first packet successfully or when the BS receives information indicating that the mobile station failed to decode the first packet; and transmitting the second packet to the mobile station on a timing point corresponding to the timing information.

Abstract: An apparatus and method select a segment for providing identification information of a small base station (BS) in a wireless communication system. A signal quality of each of a plurality of segments is determined. When at least one segment is not used by a macro BS, a segment of the worst signal quality is selected among the at least one segment that is not used by a macro BS. And the identification information is transmitted using the selected segment. The selected segment represents a resource for transmitting the identification information.

Abstract: A broadband wireless communication system supporting frequency overlay is provided. Operations of a base station includes checking whether it is time to transmit a common control signal; switching positions of a first Common Control Channel and a second Common Control Channel applied to a previous transmission of the common control signal while mapping a common control signal to the first Common Control Channel and the second Common Control Channel positioned in different Frequency Assignments; and transmitting the common control signal via the first Common Control Channel and the second Common Control Channel that are switched.

Abstract: A smart window including: a thermochromic or thermotropic transmittance controlling layer; and a heater layer for generating heat in response to an external energy source and for supplying the heat to the transmittance controlling layer.

Abstract: A thermochromic smart window and a method of manufacturing the thermochromic smart window including a glass and a thermochromic layer including a vanadium dioxide material formed on the glass. A thermochromic smart window includes a substrate and a thermochromic layer disposed on the substrate, wherein a slope of a graph of a reflectance of the thermochromic layer is at or between 1 and 2%/° C. at a threshold temperature.

Abstract: A Mobile Station (MS) operation method for cell selection at initial access in a wireless communication system in which one or more small Base Stations (BSs) are included within a macro BS service coverage area is provided. The method includes performing synchronization based on a preamble signal, after performing the synchronization, transmitting a ranging code to a first BS, after transmitting the ranging code, transmitting a ranging request message including position information of the MS, to the first BS, and receiving a ranging response message including information on at least one candidate BS from the first BS. Thus, the MS can select a BS using position information of the MS in a wireless communication system in which various types of BSs coexist.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for reduces an overhead caused by an operation transition gap in a Relay Station (RS) of a relay wireless communication system. The method includes identifying a signal delay time with an upper node. A transmission/reception operation transition time is determined through a negotiation with the upper node. An idle time is identified. An overhead caused by a transmission/reception operation transition is determined with consideration of a start time point of an Uplink (UL) subframe dependent on the signal delay time, the transmission/reception operation transition time, and the idle time. And communication is performed considering the overhead. The start time point of the UL subframe is set earlier than a start time point of a UL subframe of the upper node in consideration of the idle time.

Abstract: A method of signal transmission/reception by a transmitter in a wireless mobile communication system is provided.

Abstract: An electrode for a lithium secondary battery, including a surface having surface roughness of about 800 nm to about 1000 nm, and a lithium secondary battery including the same. In one embodiment, the lithium secondary battery has improved cycle-life characteristics.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a smart panel and a smart panel. A method of manufacturing a smart panel includes spraying a coating solution including a thermochromic material and a silicon oxide on a surface of a transparent substrate, and drying the coating solution to form a coating film on the surface of the substrate. A smart panel is manufactured in accordance with the above-described method.

Abstract: A method of providing one or more thumbnail images and an image photographing apparatus thereof include displaying a plurality of thumbnail images corresponding respectively to a plurality of image data, if at least one of the plurality of thumbnail images is selected, changing a displaying status of the selected thumbnail image to be distinguishable from that of remaining thumbnail images and, if a user's motion is recognized, replacing the remaining thumbnail images with other thumbnail images while keeping the selected thumbnail image therein.

Abstract: A panel including a thermochromic layer. A panel includes a transparent substrate, a plurality of thermochromic layers on the transparent substrate, and a plurality of dielectric layers stacked with the thermochromic layers. The thermochromic layers may include vanadium oxide, in which a chemical stoichiometric ratio of vanadium to oxygen may be about 1:2 or about 2:5.

Abstract: An electrolyte for a rechargeable lithium battery and rechargeable lithium battery including the same is provided. The electrolyte includes a film-forming compound; a lithium salt; and an organic solvent.

Abstract: A panel including a substrate coated with a thermochromic layer, and a plurality of electric conductive layers formed of an electric conductive material. Here, the infrared ray transmittance of the panel is randomly or desirably adjusted as an electric conductive layer generates heat, and the color tone of the panel may be adjusted as desired by a user.

Abstract: A window includes a plurality of transparent substrates spaced apart from each other in a thickness direction; a light transmittance-adjusting layer on a surface of at least one transparent substrate of the plurality of transparent substrates and having a thermochromic or thermotropic characteristic; and an air circulator configured to circulate a heat transfer medium in a space between the plurality of transparent substrates for changing a light transmittance of the light transmittance-adjusting layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a positive electrode for a rechargeable lithium battery and a rechargeable lithium battery including the same. The positive electrode includes a current collector; a positive active material layer including a positive active material and a vanadium oxide; and a vanadium oxide-contained coating layer formed between the current collector and the positive active material layer.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte additive for a lithium secondary battery, a non-aqueous electrolyte, and a lithium secondary battery including the same, the additive including dicyanoacetylene or a cyano group-containing unsaturated compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, the cyano group-containing unsaturated compound including an unsaturated bond and two or more cyano groups linked in cis- or trans-positions of carbons of the unsaturated bond.