Abstract: A method of depolymerizing a biopolymer in a biomass is presented, the method comprising the step of contacting the biopolymer with a reaction system comprising at least one catalyst, at least one electron source, and at least one solvent. A second method of depolymerizing a biopolymer in a biomass is presented, the method comprising the step of contacting the biopolymer with an electrochemical cell comprising at least one catalyst, at least one solvent, at least one electrolyte, an anode, and a cathode. A third method of depolymerizing a biopolymer is presented, the method comprising the steps of providing a biopolymer; adding a photoredox-active functional group to the biopolymer to form a modified biopolymer; and irradiating the modified biopolymer with light in the presence of a reaction mixture; said mixture comprising a photoredox catalyst.

Abstract: An oil-in-water type emulsion and a cosmetic composition having the same to an oil-in-water type emulsion in which an oil-phase part having a C12-C22 fatty acid, an oil and an emulsifier is dispersed in a water-phase part comprising a viscosity increasing agent, a neutralizing agent and water is disclosed. The wherein the oil-in-water type emulsion has a starch-based viscosity increasing agent as the viscosity increasing agent A cosmetic composition having the same is also disclosed. In spite of being an emulsified composition obtained through the neutralization of fatty acids, the oil-in-water type emulsion according to the present invention has excellent stability and is also excellent in view of the feeling of use, skin irritation, and stability on the skin, and thus enables the manufacture and use of various formulations of chemical products.

Abstract: A light emitting display and method of fabricating the same are disclosed, wherein the light emitting display is capable of measuring the properties of a light emitting diode without the influence of a transistor. Embodiments of the light emitting display comprise a first display portion formed on a substrate and having a first pixel configured to emit light based on a current from an active driving pixel circuit having at least one transistor; and a second display portion having a second pixel configured to emit light based on a current supplied by a passive driving type on the substrate. Thereby, the luminous properties of a light emitting diode in the light emitting display can be evaluated without the influence of the transistor using a test pixel portion formed in a dummy region of the substrate.