Abstract: Provided is a method of preparing a hydrogel composition including a uniform content of calcium phosphate, wherein a hydrogel composition prepared by the method has a uniform content of calcium phosphate, and thus may be used to quantify phosphates contained in the hydrogel composition. Provided is an in-vitro 3D osteoporosis model including a calcium phosphate hydrogel composition, wherein osteoblasts and osteoclasts may be three-dimensionally co-cultured inside a biogel, such that the osteoporosis model may be fabricated according to an intended use or clinical stage. Further, the model contains a calcium phosphate hydrogel with a uniform content of phosphate and thus enables quantification of calcium phosphate through measurement of phosphates, and therefore, the model may be used to screen candidate compounds for an osteoporosis drug and may effectively predict therapeutic effects of the drug on osteoporosis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to hybrid exosomes, a use of the same, and a preparation method of the same, and the hybrid exosomes provided from the present invention have excellent skin inflammation amelioration, skin wrinkle amelioration, skin moisturization efficacy, and skin regeneration efficacy compared to using hydrangea-derived exosomes and liposomes alone, and thus can be effectively utilized as a cosmetic composition containing the same as an active ingredient. In addition, the hybrid exosomes have better stability and biocompatibility compared to existing exosomes.

Abstract: Provided are porous silica impregnated with an extract of an Epidermidibacterium keratini strain, a cosmetic composition including the same, and a method of producing the cosmetic composition. Porous silica according to one aspect is impregnated with an E. keratini strain extract, which is a water-insoluble component, and thus can improve the negative feeling of use characteristic of the water-insoluble component and be formulated stably. In addition, the porous silica has an excellent skin improvement effect, and thus can be used as a cosmetic composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel quinoline or quinazoline compound and the use thereof. The compound according to the present invention shows an excellent inhibitory activity against cytochrome P450 4A (CYP4A) and thus may be utilized for preventing, relieving or treating metabolic diseases.

Abstract: A fuel cell system, includes a fuel cell stack, an air supply line connected to an inlet of an air electrode of the fuel cell stack to supply air, an integrated discharge line configured to be connected to an outlet of a hydrogen electrode of the fuel cell stack and discharge a waste product to outside, an integrated discharge valve provided in the integrated discharge line, a connection line configured to connect the integrated discharge valve and the air supply line, and a controller configured to control the integrated discharge valve to discharge the waste product to the outside through the integrated discharge line or to supply the waste product to the air supply line through the connection line.

Abstract: A display device comprises a first substrate comprising a first contact hole, a laser absorption layer disposed on the first substrate and containing amorphous silicon, a first barrier insulating layer disposed on the laser absorption layer, fan-out lines disposed in a metal layer on the first barrier insulating layer and comprising pad portions inserted into second contact holes provided in the first barrier insulating layer and the laser absorption layer, a second barrier insulating layer disposed on the metal layer, a second substrate disposed on the second barrier insulating layer, and a display layer disposed on the second substrate. The second substrate is inserted into a third contact hole provided in the second barrier insulating layer, the first barrier insulating layer, and the laser absorption layer disposed between the pad portions.

Abstract: A method for communicating data by an electronic device is provided. The method includes transmitting a signal including audio/video (A/V) data to a first external electronic device through a first communication module, while connected with the first external electronic device, generating data or a signal unrelated to the A/V data or receiving the data or signal unrelated to the A/V data from an external electronic device other than the first external electronic device, and providing an audio or a video through a display or an embedded sound device based on at least a portion of the data or the signal unrelated to the A/V data or transmitting the at least a portion of the data or the signal unrelated to the A/V data to a second external electronic device through a second communication module.

Abstract: A display device includes a base layer including an upper base layer and a lower base layer on a rear surface of the upper base layer; at least one light emitting element on a surface of the upper base layer; and at least one pad on the rear surface of the upper base layer and including a first pad layer adjacent to the upper base layer and a second pad layer adjacent to the lower base layer. The second pad layer includes indium zinc oxide (IZO).

Abstract: Provided is a composition comprising a novel strain, a lysate thereof or a culture product thereof, which can demonstrate excellent effects in strengthening skin barrier, moisturizing skin, enhancing skin elasticity or anti-aging, and can be used for a cosmetic composition or health functional food.

Abstract: A method for communicating data by an electronic device is provided. The method includes transmitting a signal including audio/video (A/V) data to a first external electronic device through a first communication module, while connected with the first external electronic device, generating data or a signal unrelated to the A/V data or receiving the data or signal unrelated to the A/V data from an external electronic device other than the first external electronic device, and providing an audio or a video through a display or an embedded sound device based on at least a portion of the data or the signal unrelated to the A/V data or transmitting the at least a portion of the data or the signal unrelated to the A/V data to a second external electronic device through a second communication module.

Abstract: A display includes a substrate including a first contact hole and a residual film of the substrate overlapping each other in a thickness direction, an electric conductor provided in the residual film and having conductivity, a first barrier insulating film disposed on the substrate and including a second contact hole, a fan-out line disposed in a first metal layer on the first barrier insulating film and including a pad disposed in the second contact hole, the pad electrically contacting the electric conductor, a display layer disposed on the fan-out line, and a flexible film disposed below the substrate, extending to the first contact hole, and electrically connected to the pad through the electric conductor.

Abstract: A display device includes a substrate, a first metal layer on the substrate, a first barrier insulating layer on the first metal layer, an etching control layer on the first barrier insulating layer, a first contact hole passing through the substrate, the first barrier insulating layer, and the etching control layer, a second barrier insulating layer on the etching control layer and including a second contact hole, a fan-out line on the second barrier insulating layer and included in a second metal layer, a pad part inserted into the second contact hole and included in the second metal layer, the pad part integral with the fan-out line, a display layer on the fan-out line, and a flexible film under the substrate and inserted into the first contact hole to be electrically connected to the pad part. The first metal layer includes an etching mark adjacent to the first contact hole.

Abstract: Provided is a composition comprising a novel strain, a lysate thereof or a culture product thereof, which can demonstrate excellent effects in strengthening skin barrier, moisturizing skin, enhancing skin elasticity or anti-aging, and can be used for a cosmetic composition or health functional food.

Abstract: A display device comprises a first substrate including a first contact hole, a first barrier insulating layer disposed on the first substrate and including second contact holes overlapping the first contact hole, pad electrodes disposed on the first barrier insulating layer, at least a subset of the pad electrodes being disposed in the second contact holes, a display layer disposed on the pad electrodes, and a flexible film disposed below the first substrate and electrically connected to the pad electrodes through the first contact hole and the second contact holes, wherein the first substrate includes a substrate buffer portion overlapping the first contact hole and not-overlapping the second contact holes.

Abstract: A display device, a method of manufacturing the same and a tiled display device including the same are provided. The display device includes a first substrate including a first contact hole, a first barrier insulating layer disposed on the first substrate and including a second contact hole overlapping the first contact hole in a thickness direction, a capping layer disposed on the first barrier insulating layer, at least a portion of the capping layer being disposed in the second contact hole and the first contact hole, a pad electrode disposed on the capping layer, a display layer disposed on the pad electrode, and a flexible film disposed under the first substrate and electrically connected to the pad electrode through the first contact hole and the second contact hole.

Abstract: A method for diagnosing valve failure of a fuel cell system is proposed. The method comprises determining failure diagnosis target pressure from atmospheric pressure that is a real-time sensing value of an atmospheric sensor by means of a controller, controlling opening of a fuel supply valve installed in a hydrogen supply line such that stack anode-side pressure reaches the determined failure diagnosis target pressure by means of the controller, performing control for opening an integrated discharge valve installed at a water trap when the stack anode-side pressure reaches the failure diagnosis target pressure, counting a time passed after the opening, and determining whether the integrated discharge valve fails based on the time, the stack anode-side pressure, and the atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A startup control method for a fuel cell is provided. The method includes calculating available power of a high-voltage battery when a startup of the fuel cell is requested. An air compressor is then driven based on a calculated magnitude of the available power of the high-voltage battery and a low-voltage battery is charged with the power of the high-voltage battery after the driving of the air compressor is completed.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating an amount of condensed water in an anode of a fuel cell system includes: an initial anode water vapor amount calculation unit to calculate an initial amount of water vapor in the anode of a fuel cell upon startup, an anode diffusion amount calculation unit to calculate an amount of H2O diffused from a cathode to the anode, a purge amount calculation unit to calculate an amount of water vapor discharged upon gas purging in the anode, a recirculation amount calculation unit to calculate the amount of water vapor recirculated to the anode, and a condensed water amount determination and water level estimation unit to calculate the actual amount of water vapor in the anode based on values calculated using these units and to calculate the amount of condensed water in a water trap.

Abstract: A display device comprises a display panel including a display area including pixels, and a pad area adjacent to the display area, and a driving integrated circuit mounted on the pad area, wherein the pad area includes a stud pad area located at an edge of the pad area and including at least one stud pad electrode, the driving integrated circuit includes a circuit base, and at least one stud bump area overlapping the stud pad area in a thickness direction of the display device and including at least one stud bump, and the at least one stud pad electrode overlaps an edge portion of the at least one stud bump.

Abstract: A cosmetic composition for alleviating skin barrier dysfunction, a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating skin barrier dysfunction, a quasi-drug composition for preventing or alleviating skin barrier dysfunction, a method for alleviating skin barrier dysfunction, and a method for preventing or treating skin barrier dysfunction. Hydroxycinnamic acid, isoamyl acetate, or betaine promotes autophagic activity independently of the mTOR pathway in keratinocytes and accelerates the turnover of the epidermis to increase the thickness of the epidermis, thereby improving the barrier function and preventing the senescence-induced attenuation of the epidermis.