Abstract: Technology is disclosed for programmatically generating a summary by a language model of search results based on the corresponding relevance of the search results to an input search query to a search engine. A user inputs a search query into a search engine and the search engine determines and ranks a set of search results based on the relevance of each of the search results. A snippet of information is determined for the most relevant search results to the input search query. The snippets of information are used to generate an input prompt to a language model with an instruction to generate a summary of the snippets of information based on the input search query. The generated summary is provided in response to the user to the search query and/or is cached in order to provide the generated summary in response to similar search queries.

Abstract: A grain boundary diffusion method for a bulk rare earth permanent magnetic material includes the following steps: (1) fabricating an initial magnet by a sintering, hot pressing, or hot deformation process; (2) loading a grain boundary diffusion alloy source on a surface of the magnet through electrodeposition, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), direct physical contact, or adhesive bonding; and (3) placing the initial magnet loaded with the grain boundary diffusion alloy source in a SPS device, and heating to obtain a final magnet. The current, plasma, and pressure in an SPS process can be controlled to significantly improve elemental diffusion coefficient and enhance the diffusion depth. The bulk rare earth permanent magnetic material undergoing grain boundary diffusion fabricated in the present disclosure has a significant increase in magnetic properties that catering to commercial demands for industrial production.

Abstract: Technology is disclosed for programmatically generating a summary by a language model of search results based on the corresponding relevance of the search results to an input search query to a search engine. A user inputs a search query into a search engine and the search engine determines and ranks a set of search results based on the relevance of each of the search results. A snippet of information is determined for the most relevant search results to the input search query. The snippets of information are used to generate an input prompt to a language model with an instruction to generate a summary of the snippets of information based on the input search query. The generated summary is provided in response to the user to the search query and/or is cached in order to provide the generated summary in response to similar search queries.

Abstract: A preparation method of high-performance cerium (Ce)-rich misch-metal (MM) permanent magnetic materials includes: (1) an as-sintered Ce-rich MM permanent magnetic substrate magnet is prepared; (2) a composite diffusion source is obtained by proportionally mixing rare earth (RE) hydride powder and nanometer metallic powder, and the as-sintered Ce-rich MM permanent magnetic substrate magnet is performed with a first surface diffusion treatment using the composite diffusion source to obtain an intermediate product; (3) the intermediate product is subjected to a second surface diffusion treatment with RE alloy powder; (4) a high-temperature heat treatment is performed; and (5) a low-temperature heat treatment is performed to obtain the high-performance Ce-rich MM permanent magnetic materials.

Abstract: A method for improving magnetic properties of a Ce—Y-rich rare earth permanent magnet is provided, and the Ce—Y-rich rare earth permanent magnet is subjected to pressurized heat treatment to improve magnetic properties. The method includes: preparing a pristine magnet through a sintering process; and placing the pristine magnet into a pressurized heat treatment device and performing pressurized heat treatment under the protection of an argon atmosphere. By regulating parameters such as pressure, temperature and holding time in the heat treatment process, element diffusion in the Ce—Y-rich permanent magnet is promoted, and coercivity, remanence, magnetic energy product and temperature stability of the Ce—Y-rich permanent magnet are improved. The method has advantages of a simple process with low energy consumption, a substitution amount of rare earths Ce—Y up to 90 wt % while having excellent magnetic performance, so that a way for efficient utilization of high-abundance rare earths Ce and Y is provided.

Abstract: A (Sm,T)(Fe,M)12 alloy is provided, where Sm is samarium element; Fe is iron element; T is selected from the group consisting of Y, Gd, Zr, Nd, Pr, Ce and a combination thereof; and M is selected from the group consisting of Ti, Cr, Mn, Mo, Si, Al, Ga, Co, V and a combination thereof. A high-throughput method of preparing the (Sm,T)(Fe,M)12 alloy based on a diffusion multiple is further provided, in which a can, a cover, and metal strips with desired sizes are prepared, and the metal strips are arranged and loaded in the can. Then the can is subjected to vacuum electron beam welding and hot isostatic pressing to obtain the diffusion multiple, which is cut into slices, and subjected to tube sealing and heat treatment to obtain the desired (Sm,T)(Fe,M)12 alloy.

Abstract: A preparation method of a misch-metal permanent magnetic material based on sintering and multi-step diffusion is provided. A sintered substrate magnet is prepared by induction melting, strip casting, hydrogen decrepitation, jet milling, magnetic alignment, isostatic pressing and sintering. A first diffusion source and a second diffusion source are prepared, where the first diffusion source is a light rare-earth metal or its alloy, and the second diffusion source is a light-heavy rare-earth combination or its alloy. The sintered substrate magnet is sequentially subjected to a first vacuum diffusion with the first diffusion source and a second vacuum diffusion with the second diffusion source. The resultant product is subjected to low-temperature tempering to give the desired misch-metal permanent magnetic material.

Abstract: A method for improving corrosion resistance of a high abundance rare earth permanent magnet by high temperature oxidation is provided. By the oxidation at 700˜1000° C., a rare earth oxide film grows in-situ on the surface, which can greatly improve the corrosion resistance of the high abundance rare earth permanent magnet. The method makes full use of phase formation rule and diffusion kinetic behavior of high abundance rare earth elements La/Ce/Y, which is different from other rare earth elements Nd/Pr/Dy/Tb. The method grows the rare earth oxide film in situ with strong adhesion to the matrix, which can not only greatly improve the corrosion resistance of the magnet, but also improve the magnetic and mechanical properties. The method has advantages of green environmental protection, long service life and simple process, and can be popularized and applied in large quantities.

Abstract: A method for improving the corrosion resistance of NdFeB materials is provided. The method includes in-situ growing a layer of oxide, nitride, or oxynitride on the surface of NdFeB magnet correspondingly by performing at least one of an oxidation treatment and a nitridation treatment at low temperature in a range of 200˜400° C., thereby significantly improving the corrosion resistance of the magnet. The method is simple to operate, low-cost, green, safe, and efficient. Depending on the parameters of the low-temperature oxidation and/or nitridation treatment, the thickness of the oxide, nitride, or oxynitride layer is adjustable from 10 nm to 100 ?m, which can improve the corrosion resistance of the magnet while maintaining excellent magnetic properties. Moreover, the thin surface layer is in-situ grown on the NdFeB substrate, which is strong and stable over a long service period and can be applied for mass production.

Abstract: The present invention provides an undercooling solidification method for preparing an amorphous or nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloy with high Fe content and the applicable amorphous or nanocrystalline alloy composition. The undercooling solidification is realized by glass purification combined with cyclical superheating or electromagnetic levitation melting. An undercooling solidification alloy is prepared into amorphous strips or powders through rapid quenching or atomization of melt, and can be prepared into a nanocrystalline alloy through heat treatment. The chemical formula of the applicable amorphous or nanocrystalline alloy is FeSiBM, wherein M is one or more of P, C, Nb, Mo, Zr, Hf, Mo, Y, Cu and Co. The amorphous or nanocrystalline alloy prepared by undercooling non-equilibrium solidification has the characteristics of high amorphous forming ability, high saturation magnetization and low coercive force.

Abstract: A grain boundary diffusion method based on 1:2 phase for simultaneously improved corrosion resistance and coercivity of a mixed rare-earth permanent magnetic material is provided. After a Ce-rich mixed rare-earth sintered permanent magnet is prepared using a powder metallurgy process, one of a vapor deposition, an electroplating, a direct physical contact and an adhesive bonding is used to load a grain boundary diffusion alloy source on a surface of the magnet, followed by a grain boundary diffusion heat treatment and a tempering process. The process thereof is simple, and makes full use of the synergistic effect and characteristic diffusion behavior of multiple rare earths in the grain boundary diffusion process to increase the fraction of 1:2 phase in the magnet, and to regulate the composition and distribution of 1:2 phase, thereby simultaneously improving the corrosion resistance and coercivity of the mixed rare-earth permanent magnetic material.

Abstract: A supersaturated solid solution soft magnetic material and a preparation method thereof are provided, belonging to the field of metal soft magnetic technologies. The supersaturated solid solution soft magnetic material is soft magnetic alloy with proportions of 72.0˜78.0 at % Fe, 12.0˜18.0 at % Si, 4.0˜12.0 at % Co and 1.0˜3.0 at % Ti. The preparation method uses molten glass purification or electromagnetic levitation melting to an alloy melt with a target supercooling degree, increases the solid solubility of the Ti element in ?-Fe (Si, Co), and promotes the formation of supersaturated solid solution of Ti, thereby achieving the goal that the magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant and the magnetostriction coefficient tend to be zero. Ti element is uniformly distributed in the ?-Fe (Si, Co) after supercooled solidification analyzed by X-ray energy spectrometer, a supersaturated solid solution alloy without Ti precipitation is obtained, and the soft magnetic alloy has low coercivity and high permeability.

Abstract: A method for improving corrosion resistance of a high abundance rare earth permanent magnet by high temperature oxidation is provided. By the oxidation at 700 ~ 1000° C., a rare earth oxide film grows in-situ on the surface, which can greatly improve the corrosion resistance of the high abundance rare earth permanent magnet. The method makes full use of phase formation rule and diffusion kinetic behavior of high abundance rare earth elements La/Ce/Y, which is different from other rare earth elements Nd/Pr/Dy/Tb. The method grows the rare earth oxide film in situ with strong adhesion to the matrix, which can not only greatly improve the corrosion resistance of the magnet, but also improve the magnetic and mechanical properties. The method has advantages of green environmental protection, long service life and simple process, and can be popularized and applied in large quantities.

Abstract: A method for improving the corrosion resistance of NdFeB materials is provided. The method includes in-situ growing a layer of oxide, nitride, or oxynitride on the surface of NdFeB magnet correspondingly by performing at least one of an oxidation treatment and a nitridation treatment at low temperature in a range of 200˜400° C., thereby significantly improving the corrosion resistance of the magnet. The method is simple to operate, low-cost, green, safe, and efficient. Depending on the parameters of the low-temperature oxidation and/or nitridation treatment, the thickness of the oxide, nitride, or oxynitride layer is adjustable from 10 nm to 100 ?m, which can improve the corrosion resistance of the magnet while maintaining excellent magnetic properties. Moreover, the thin surface layer is in-situ grown on the NdFeB substrate, which is strong and stable over a long service period and can be applied for mass production.

Abstract: A supersaturated solid solution soft magnetic material and a preparation method thereof are provided, belonging to the field of metal soft magnetic technologies. The supersaturated solid solution soft magnetic material is soft magnetic alloy with proportions of 72.0˜78.0 at % Fe, 12.0˜18.0 at % Si, 4.0˜12.0 at % Co and 1.0˜3.0 at % Ti. The preparation method uses molten glass purification or electromagnetic levitation melting to an alloy melt with a target supercooling degree, increases the solid solubility of the Ti element in ?-Fe (Si, Co), and promotes the formation of supersaturated solid solution of Ti, thereby achieving the goal that the magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant and the magnetostriction coefficient tend to be zero. Ti element is uniformly distributed in the ?-Fe (Si, Co) after supercooled solidification analyzed by X-ray energy spectrometer, a supersaturated solid solution alloy without Ti precipitation is obtained, and the soft magnetic alloy has low coercivity and high permeability.

Abstract: A multicomponent FeCoSiM soft magnetic alloy is provided. M of the alloy is one or more of V, Cr and Ni. A sum of atomic percentages of alloy elements in the alloy is 100%. The atomic percents of the alloy elements meet the following conditions: Fe, 68˜78 at %; Co, 4˜12 at %; Si, 14˜18 at %; V, 0˜4 at %; Cr, 0˜4 at %; and Ni, 0˜4 at %. The preparation method of the alloy includes weighing raw materials according to the atomic percentages of the alloy elements and then performing melting and annealing heat treatment each in vacuum or a protective atmosphere. The alloy is obtained by a reasonable design of compositions and contents. A magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant of the alloy is low, a magnetostrictive coefficient of the alloy approaches zero and the alloy has characteristics of high saturation flux density and low coercivity.

Abstract: A method for improving magnetic properties of a Ce—Y-rich rare earth permanent magnet is provided, and the Ce—Y-rich rare earth permanent magnet is subjected to pressurized heat treatment to improve magnetic properties. The method includes: preparing a pristine magnet through a sintering process; and placing the pristine magnet into a pressurized heat treatment device and performing pressurized heat treatment under the protection of an argon atmosphere. By regulating parameters such as pressure, temperature and holding time in the heat treatment process, element diffusion in the Ce—Y-rich permanent magnet is promoted, and coercivity, remanence, magnetic energy product and temperature stability of the Ce—Y-rich permanent magnet are improved. The method has advantages of a simple process with low energy consumption, a substitution amount of rare earths Ce—Y up to 90 wt % while having excellent magnetic performance, so that a way for efficient utilization of high-abundance rare earths Ce and Y is provided.

Abstract: A grain boundary diffusion method for a bulk rare earth permanent magnetic material includes the following steps: (1) fabricating an initial magnet by a sintering, hot pressing, or hot deformation process; (2) loading a grain boundary diffusion alloy source on a surface of the magnet through electrodeposition, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), direct physical contact, or adhesive bonding; and (3) placing the initial magnet loaded with the grain boundary diffusion alloy source in a SPS device, and heating to obtain a final magnet. The current, plasma, and pressure in an SPS process can be controlled to significantly improve elemental diffusion coefficient and enhance the diffusion depth. The bulk rare earth permanent magnetic material undergoing grain boundary diffusion fabricated in the present disclosure has a significant increase in magnetic properties that catering to commercial demands for industrial production.

Abstract: An aftertreatment device for reducing NOx, PM, HC, and CO generated by a compression-ignition engine. In this device, lean exhaust air generated in the engine is enriched using a reactor together with an oxygen sorption device according to a target deNOx efficiency value, and heat energy is recovered. The enriched exhaust gas then passes through an oxidation catalyst, where NOx is reduced with CO and HC. PM in the exhaust gas is further trapped in a DPF. To lower energy cost, an heat exchanger is used for more effectively heating the DPF during regeneration, and an exhaust gas compressor positioned upstream from the DPF is employed to control engine back pressure. When exhaust gas temperature is low, to regenerate the DPF with minimum energy consumption, an electrical heater is used to heat dosing fuel before it is mixed with exhaust gas, and a regeneration heating process is then jump-started.

Abstract: A type of sintered Nd—Fe—B permanent magnet with high corrosion resistance is produced by dual alloy method. The method comprises the following steps: preparing the powders of master phase alloy and intergranular phase alloy respectively, mixing the powders, compacting the powders in magnetic field, sintering the compacted body at 1050˜1125° C., and annealing at 920-1020° C. and 500-650° C. successively.