Abstract: Raman spectrometers are provided that illuminate a sample with two or more different beams of light, each characterized by a different primary frequency. Scattered light from the sample is separated into multiple Raman spectra, one for each primary frequency. The multiple Raman spectra can be evaluated individually, or they can be added together to form a composite spectrum that is then evaluated.

Abstract: A method for two-stage packet aggregation facing wireless sensor network with hybrid topology structure including: building various nodes in a wireless sensor network into a hybrid topology structure which combines the star topology and mesh topology; establishing a two-stage packet aggregation architecture for periodic sensor data based on the above described topology structure; determining the packet format, aggregating and disaggregating the two-stage packets based on the topology structure and aggregation architecture; according to the application, the aggregated nodes in the network configuring router nodes and aggregation attributes of the nodes; according to the aggregation attribute, the sensor nodes performing the first-stage aggregation and generates an first-stage aggregation packet; according to the aggregation attributes, the router node implementing second-stage aggregation and generating a second-stage aggregation packet; the aggregation nodes taking charge of disaggregating the aggregated pack

Abstract: A method of achieving wireless sensor network (WSN) communication in a mesh and star topology network (MSTN), including: a) connecting a plurality of nodes in a WSN to form a mesh and star hybrid topology structure; b) based on the topology structure, defining a superframe structure based on IEEE 802.15.4-2006; c) based on the topology structure and superframe structure, defining methods for long period data processing, connectivity assessment, medium access control, channel measurement, frequency hopping, beacon frame formation, and two-stage resource allocation; d) based on the topology structure, superframe structure, and methods, defining a method for network establishment; and e) based on the network establishment method, defining a method for MSTN communications. The method features real-time communication, high reliability, and low energy consumption.

Abstract: A switching power supply with a quick transient response is provided. A hysteretic control loop which comprises a hysteretic controller (117) and a control signal gate (116) is added to the original PWM control loop of the switching power supply. The hysteretic controller (117) is used to detect an output voltage (Vout) of the switching power supply and compare the output voltage (Vout) of the switching power supply with a reference voltage (Vref). When a load current (Iout) of the switching power supply is suddenly changed, the output voltage (Vout) of the switching power supply fluctuates. If the output voltage (Vout) of the switching power supply is in a setting range of the hysteretic voltage, output terminals (SELp, SELn) of the hysteretic controller (117) are in a low potential, and the control signal gate (116) selects output signals (Qp1, Qn1) from a PWM controller (101) as input signals of a gate signal drive circuit (106).

Abstract: A switch level circuit (110) with dead time self-adapting control, which minimizes the switching loss in a switching power supply converter with synchronous rectification by changing a dead time between a high-side control transistor (10) and a low-side synchronous rectifying transistor (11). The switch level circuit (110) includes the high-side control transistor (10) and the low-side synchronous rectifying transistor (11) which are controlled to be on and off by external control signals, and a waveform with a given duty cycle is outputted at a node (LX) between the two transistors. The switch level circuit (110) also includes a control module for adjusting the dead time.

Abstract: A method for two-stage packet aggregation facing wireless sensor network with hybrid topology structure including: building various nodes in a wireless sensor network into a hybrid topology structure which combines the star topology and mesh topology; establishing a two-stage packet aggregation architecture for periodic sensor data based on the above described topology structure; determining the packet format, aggregating and disaggregating the two-stage packets based on the topology structure and aggregation architecture; according to the application, the aggregated nodes in the network configuring router nodes and aggregation attributes of the nodes; according to the aggregation attribute, the sensor nodes performing the first-stage aggregation and generates an first-stage aggregation packet; according to the aggregation attributes, the router node implementing second-stage aggregation and generating a second-stage aggregation packet; the aggregation nodes taking charge of disaggregating the aggregated pack

Abstract: A switching power supply with a quick transient response is provided. A hysteretic control loop which comprises a hysteretic controller (117) and a control signal gate (116) is added to the original PWM control loop of the switching power supply. The hysteretic controller (117) is used to detect an output voltage (Vout) of the switching power supply and compare the output voltage (Vout) of the switching power supply with a reference voltage (Vref). When a load current (Iout) of the switching power supply is suddenly changed, the output voltage (Vout) of the switching power supply fluctuates. If the output voltage (Vout) of the switching power supply is in a setting range of the hysteretic voltage, output terminals (SELp, SELn) of the hysteretic controller (117) are in a low potential, and the control signal gate (116) selects output signals (Qp1, Qn1) from a PWM controller (101) as input signals of a gate signal drive circuit (106).

Abstract: A switch level circuit (110) with dead time self-adapting control, which minimizes the switching loss in a switching power supply converter with synchronous rectification by changing a dead time between a high-side control transistor (10) and a low-side synchronous rectifying transistor (11). The switch level circuit (110) includes the high-side control transistor (10) and the low-side synchronous rectifying transistor (11) which are controlled to be on and off by external control signals, and a waveform with a given duty cycle is outputted at a node (LX) between the two transistors. The switch level circuit (110) also includes a control module for adjusting the dead time.

Abstract: The invention provides an adhesive sheet comprising polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film and back coating of water based PSA, wherein said PSA comprises a copolymer by copolymerization of a monomer mixture comprising, a) from 30 wt % to less than 70 wt % acrylic acid C4-C8-alkylester, and b) from 2 wt % to 9 wt % (meth)acrylonitrile, wherein the polyvinyl chloride film is not corona treated. The adhesive sheet is suitable for applications of indoor and outdoor graphic poster, especially for clean removable usages.

Abstract: A method of two-stage adaptive frequency hopping for a clustered wireless sensor network, including: a) building a clustered wireless sensor network; b) defining a superframe structure based on IEEE 802.15.4 according to a topology of the clustered wireless sensor network; c) extending a beacon frame payload based on a beacon frame format of an IEEE 802.15.4 Media Access Control (MAC) layer; and d) performing a two-stage adaptive frequency hopping mechanism on nodes based on the above superframe structure and the extended beacon frame of the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC layer.

Abstract: A method of achieving wireless sensor network (WSN) communication in a mesh and star topology network (MSTN), including: a) connecting a plurality of nodes in a WSN to form a mesh and star hybrid topology structure; b) based on the topology structure, defining a superframe structure based on IEEE 802.15.4-2006; c) based on the topology structure and superframe structure, defining methods for long period data processing, connectivity assessment, medium access control, channel measurement, frequency hopping, beacon frame formation, and two-stage resource allocation; d) based on the topology structure, superframe structure, and methods, defining a method for network establishment; and e) based on the network establishment method, defining a method for MSTN communications. The method features real-time communication, high reliability, and low energy consumption.

Abstract: An inspection apparatus for tomographing an object includes a moving unit and a rotating unit, which is disposed on the moving unit and rotates the object to be tomographed. A method for tomographing an object includes steps of disposing an object on an inspection apparatus; rotating the object by operating the inspection apparatus; and tomographing the object.

Abstract: A curable aqueous composition, a method for forming a treated substrate with the curable aqueous composition, and the substrate so treated are provided. The composition, the method and the treated substrate may be free from formaldehyde. The composition comprises a (co)polymer and a crosslinker, said (co)polymer comprising, as (co)polymerized units, from 0.05 to 10 wt %, based on the dry weight of the composition, ethylenically unsaturated monomer having at least two carboxylic acid groups, wherein the crosslinker having at least two hydrazino groups having a molar ratio of at least 0.05 of the carboxylic acid group, and wherein the aqueous composition is curable at a temperature of from 100° C. to 250° C.

Abstract: A curable aqueous composition, a method for forming a treated substrate with the curable aqueous composition, and the substrate so treated are provided. The curable aqueous composition, the process for forming a treated substrate and the treated substrate may be free from formaldehyde. The curable aqueous composition includes: an emulsion polymer including, as copolymerized units, from 0.5 to 9% ethylenically-unsaturated dicarboxylic acid monomer by weight, based on the weight of the emulsion polymer; and a polyol in the amount of from 0.5 to 15%, by weight, based on the weight of the emulsion polymer, wherein the aqueous composition includes carboxylic acid-containing polymer including, as polymerized units, from 0.5 to 9% carboxylic acid monomer by weight, based on the total weight of the carboxylic acid-containing polymer.

Abstract: An inspection apparatus for tomographing an object includes a moving unit and a rotating unit, which is disposed on the moving unit and rotates the object to be tomographed. A method for tomographing an object includes steps of disposing an object on an inspection apparatus; rotating the object by operating the inspection apparatus; and tomographing the object.