Abstract: In a method for acetylene hydrochlorination to vinyl chloride catalyzed by ultra-low content aurum-based material, a nitrogen-modified activated carbon support is obtained by using 1,10-phenanthroline as a modifier. A trace amount of aurum is used as a main active component and an organic solvent with a low polarity and a low boiling point, isopropanol, is used as a solvent. An ultra-low content of aurum-based catalyst with the aurum loading amount of 0.01 wt % using the above nitrogen-modified activated carbon as a support is prepared by improving the synthesis procedure, and the efficiency of the catalyst is significantly improved. The catalyst has high activity and vinyl chloride selectivity for acetylene hydrochlorination to vinyl chloride, which is low cost, no mercury pollution, simple in preparation process and expansibility, and has great industrial application value.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for processing information are provided. The method can include: acquiring a word sequence obtained by performing word segmentation on two paragraphs in a text; inputting the word sequence into a to-be-trained natural language processing model to generate a word vector corresponding to a word in the word sequence; inputting the word vector into a preset processing layer of the to-be-trained natural language processing model; predicting whether the two paragraphs are adjacent, and a replaced word in the two paragraphs; and acquiring reference information of the two paragraphs, and training the to-be-trained natural language processing model to obtain a trained natural language processing model, based on the prediction result and the reference information.

Abstract: The system includes an optical resonator, a mount, and a fastener. The optical resonator is comprised of a material with a horizontal plane symmetry. The optical resonator includes a horizontal plane protrusion for mounting. The horizontal plane protrusion includes discrete resonator rotational orientation positions. The mount comprises mounting legs compatible with the horizontal plane symmetry. The mount includes discrete mount rotational orientation positions that correspond to the discrete resonator rotation orientation positions at a plurality of rotational angles. The fastener secures the horizontal plane protrusion of the optical resonator to the mount.

Abstract: A method of automatic identification of PCIe configuration of a server and preventing operation if each slimline connector connected with a PCIe device is found connected to an incorrect slot of a mother board utilizes a combination of first and second signals of two null interfaces of the first connector as that ID signal and a combination of third and fourth signals of the two interfaces of a second connector as that ID signal. The CPLD receiving the ID signals detects whether the first and second slimline connectors are in their specified and correct slots. Powering on of computer is not permitted if incorrect connection is found, and a warning prompt is generated. A PCIe channel width for each slimline is automatically configured if no incorrect connection is found. A server applying the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A receiver has a first equalizer circuit that includes a first stage having a source degeneration circuit and a trans-impedance amplifier (TIA). The source degeneration circuit includes a resistor coupled in parallel with a capacitor. The TIA includes an embedded variable gain amplifier with a gain controlled by feedback resistors. Each feedback resistor is coupled between input and output of the TIA. In some implementations, the receiving circuit has a second equalizer circuit coupled in series with the first equalizer circuit. The second equalizer circuit includes a first stage having a source degeneration circuit and a TIA. The source degeneration circuit in the second equalizer circuit has a source degeneration resistor coupled in parallel with a source degeneration capacitor and the TIA includes an embedded variable gain amplifier whose gain is controlled by feedback resistors coupled between input and output of the TIA in the second equalizer circuit.

Abstract: A display panel including a first display area, a second display area and a third display area. The second display area surrounds at least a part of the first display area and is located between the first display area and the third display area; the second display area includes a plurality of first groups of driving transistors and a plurality of second groups of driving transistors, the first groups of driving transistors include driving transistors for driving pixel units of the first display area, the second groups of driving transistors include driving transistors for driving pixel units of the second display area. The second groups of driving transistors and the first groups of driving transistors are alternately arranged, and a number and relative positions of the second groups of driving transistors adjacent to each first group of driving transistors are the same.

Abstract: A system for optical comb carrier envelope offset frequency control includes a mode-locked oscillator. The mode-locked oscillator produces an output beam using an input beam and one or more control signals. The output beam includes a controlled carrier envelope offset frequency. A beat note generator produces a beat note signal using a portion of the output beam. A control signal generator produces the one or more control signals to set the beat note signal by modulating the intensity of the input beam within the mode locked oscillator. Modulating the intensity comprises using a Mach-Zehnder intensity modulator or using an intensity modulated external laser to affect a gain medium within the mode-locked laser.

Abstract: An atomic oscillator device includes an atomic oscillator, a controlled oscillator, a resonance controller, and a cold-atom clock output. The atomic oscillator comprises a two-dimensional optical cooling region (2D OCR) for providing a source of atoms and a three-dimensional optical cooling region (3D OCR) for cooling and/or trapping the atoms emitted by the 2D OCR. The atomic oscillator comprises a microwave cavity surrounding the 3D OCR for exciting an atomic resonance. The controlled oscillator produces an output frequency. The resonance controller is for steering the output frequency of the controlled oscillator based on the output frequency and the atomic resonance as measured using an atomic resonance measurement. The cold-atom clock output is configured as being the output frequency of the controlled oscillator.

Abstract: A device for preparing an ensemble of laser-cooled atoms and measuring their population includes a laser and a set of reflecting surfaces. The laser is able to produce a laser beam. The set of reflecting surfaces disposed to direct the laser beam along a multi-dimensional beam path to intersect a central space multiple times from different directions and retroreflect the laser beam to retrace the multi-dimensional beam path. The central space is able to have an ensemble of atoms or molecules. The atoms or the molecules are able to be cooled along one or more dimensions by the laser beam sent along the multi-dimensional beam path and able to be detected in the central space by an effect upon the laser beam sent along the multi-dimensional beam path.

Abstract: An atom interferometer device for inertial sensing includes one or more thermal atomic sources, a state preparation laser, a set of lasers, and a detection laser. The one or more thermal atomic sources provide one or more atomic beams. A state preparation laser is disposed to provide a state preparation laser beam nominally perpendicular to each of the one or more atomic beams. A set of lasers is disposed to provide interrogation laser beams that interrogate the one or more atomic beams to assist in generating atom interference. A detection laser is disposed to provide a detection laser beam, which is angled at a first angle to the each of the one or more atomic beams in order to enhance the dynamic range of the device by enabling velocity selectivity of atoms used in detecting the atom interference.

Abstract: An atomic oscillator device includes an atomic oscillator, a controlled oscillator, a resonance controller, and a cold-atom clock output. The atomic oscillator comprises a two-dimensional optical cooling region (2D OCR) for providing a source of atoms and a three-dimensional optical cooling region (3D OCR) for cooling and/or trapping the atoms emitted by the 2D OCR. The atomic oscillator comprises a microwave cavity surrounding the 3D OCR for exciting an atomic resonance. The controlled oscillator produces an output frequency. The resonance controller is for steering the output frequency of the controlled oscillator based on the output frequency and the atomic resonance as measured using an atomic resonance measurement. The cold-atom clock output is configured as being the output frequency of the controlled oscillator.

Abstract: A system for optical comb carrier envelope offset frequency control includes a mode-locked laser and a frequency shifter. The mode-locked laser produces a laser output. The frequency shifter shifts the laser output to produce a frequency shifted laser output based at least in part on one or more control signals. The frequency shifted laser output has a controlled carrier envelope offset frequency. The frequency shifter includes a first polarization converter, a rotating half-wave plate, and a second polarization converter.

Abstract: A system for optical comb carrier envelope offset frequency control includes a mode-locked oscillator. The mode-locked oscillator produces an output beam using an input beam and one or more control signals. The output beam includes a controlled carrier envelope offset frequency. A beat note generator produces a beat note signal using a portion of the output beam. A control signal generator produces the one or more control signals to set the beat note signal by modulating the intensity of the input beam within the mode locked oscillator. Modulating the intensity comprises using a Mach-Zehnder intensity modulator or using an intensity modulated external laser to affect a gain medium within the mode-locked laser.

Abstract: A system for optical comb carrier envelope offset frequency control includes a mode-locked laser and a frequency shifter. The mode-locked laser produces a laser output. The frequency shifter shifts the laser output to produce a frequency shifted laser output based at least in part on one or more control signals. The frequency shifted laser output has a controlled carrier envelope offset frequency. The frequency shifter includes a first polarization converter, a rotating half-wave plate, and a second polarization converter.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring diffuse and specularly reflected light from a sample to provide a reflection spectrum as a function of wavelength and as a function of position on a sample is disclosed. The apparatus includes a MIR light source that generates an illumination beam of linearly polarized light. An illumination system illuminates a location on a specimen with part of the illumination beam. A linear polarization filter characterized by a polarization axis that defines a direction of polarization of linearly polarized light that is reflected by the linear polarization filter, a first detector that measures an intensity of light leaving the linear polarization filter and a light collection system collects light reflected from the location on the specimen and directs that light to the linear polarization filter. A controller measures an output from the first detector for each of a plurality of different polarization axis positions.

Abstract: An apparatus having a variable angle light source characterized by a pivot point, a variable response optical receiver, and a first optical system is disclosed. The variable response optical receiver receives light generated by the light source on a receiving surface, the receiver generating a signal indicative of an intensity of light that impinges on a receiving surface. The first optical system images the pivot point to a fixed point relative to the receiver surface. In one aspect of the invention the first optical system is chosen such that light from the variable angle light source covers more& than half the receiving surface. The variable angle light source can include a gain chip in a semiconductor laser having a pivot point located substantially on a facet of the gain chip.

Abstract: A system for performing optical spectroscopy measurements includes a light source for generating an input optical beam and an interferometer. The interferometer includes a beam splitter that splits the input optical beam into first and second light beams; a first light path that directs the first light beam through a sample containing an analyte to a first output port; and a second light path that directs the second light beam to the first output port. At least one of the first and second light paths adjusts a relative phase of a corresponding one of the first and second light beams, so that the first and second light beams are out of phase at the first output port, substantially canceling background light and outputting sample light corresponding to a portion of the first light signal absorbed by the sample in the sample cell. A detection system detects the output sample light.

Abstract: An external cavity laser and method for operating same are disclosed. The external cavity laser includes a gain chip, a grating, an actuator and actuator driver. The grating diffracts light leaving the gain chip in a band of wavelengths back to the gain chip, the grating is characterized by an angle relative to light leaving the gain chip and distance from the gain chip, the angle and distance is controlled by the actuator. Part of the diffracted light is amplified by the gain chip. The actuator driver causes the angle to be dithered about an equilibrium angle in a motion characterized by an amplitude and average frequency. The amplitude of the dithering motion is chosen to either excite a plurality of adjacent laser modes of the gain chip or provide a servo signal for maintaining the grating angle at a target value.

Abstract: An external cavity laser and method for operating same are disclosed. The external cavity laser includes a gain chip, a grating, an actuator and actuator driver. The grating diffracts light leaving the gain chip in a band of wavelengths back to the gain chip, the grating is characterized by an angle relative to light leaving the gain chip and distance from the gain chip, the angle and distance is controlled by the actuator. Part of the diffracted light is amplified by the gain chip. The actuator driver causes the angle to be dithered about an equilibrium angle in a motion characterized by an amplitude and average frequency. The amplitude of the dithering motion is chosen to either excite a plurality of adjacent laser modes of the gain chip or provide a servo signal for maintaining the grating angle at a target value.

Abstract: An apparatus having a variable angle light source characterized by a pivot point, a variable response optical receiver, and a first optical system is disclosed. The variable response optical receiver receives light generated by the light source on a receiving surface, the receiver generating a signal indicative of an intensity of light that impinges on a receiving surface. The first optical system images the pivot point to a fixed point relative to the receiver surface. In one aspect of the invention the first optical system is chosen such that light from the variable angle light source covers mores than half the receiving surface. The variable angle light source can include a gain chip in a semiconductor laser having a pivot point located substantially on a facet of the gain chip.