Abstract: Disclosed herein are apparatuses and methods that can simplify delivery of meal boluses in diabetes therapy. Rather than requiring a user to enter a number of carbohydrates for a given meal, the system can automatically provide a predetermined amount of insulin when the user indicates that a meal is going to be consumed. Providing such predetermined, fixed meal boluses provides a lower cognitive burden alternative for the mealtime experience.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are apparatuses and methods that can provide a delayed bolus calculator for use in closed loop diabetes therapy that can account for additional factors not taken into account in regular meal bolus calculations when a user wants to deliver a meal bolus a period of time after a meal was consumed. A delayed bolus calculator can enable the user to enter a period of time since the meal was consumed in addition to the number of carbohydrates consumed in a meal. This enables the system to account for the amount of increased insulin from the closed loop algorithm in response to the meal and/or the time since the meal to ensure that the risk of hypoglycemia is mitigated while still reducing hyperglycemia.

Abstract: An alternate mode for addressing meals in closed loop insulin delivery systems is disclosed. An Eating Soon Mode may be a user-selectable feature that can be activated when a user anticipates eating a meal in the near future. Once activated, Eating Soon Mode preemptively modifies the closed loop algorithm in preparation for the expected rise in glucose levels from consumption of the meal. This can result in a greater amount of time in range for the user, a lower coefficient of variation of the user's glucose levels and/or a lower maximum BG level for the user. According to embodiments disclosed herein, activation of Eating Soon Mode modifies the algorithm to deliver a correction bolus to lower the user's glucose level and to provide a modified, lower target range at which to maintain the user's glucose levels in anticipation of the glucose rise that will result from the meal.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for automated insulin delivery that provide an Alternate Normal Activity Mode that has a lower and narrower target range than the standard range employed in Normal Mode. The Alternative Normal Mode can be a user-selectable feature that provides more aggressive glucose level control that is designed to decrease hyperglycemia without significantly increasing the risk of hypoglycemia. For example, Normal Mode may employ a standard glucose range between which the closed loop algorithm attempts to maintain the user's glucose levels such as 112.5 mg/dL to 160 mg/dL and Alternative Normal Mode may employ a lower and narrower range such as 90 mg/dL to 130 mg/dL. Alternative Normal Mode can also employ a lockout feature that is activated when glucose is high, but is falling rapidly.

Abstract: The apparatus and system for integrating an electric motor into a vehicle may convert a vehicle from an internal combustion vehicle to a hybrid-electric vehicle. One or more electric motors may be integrated into a powertrain between an internal combustion engine and a transmission. A supervisory controller may monitor and control operation of the internal combustion engine, clutching assembly, transmission, one or more electric motors, or any combination thereof to add mechanical power to the powertrain, remove mechanical power from the powertrain, or neutrally balance the transfer of mechanical power between the powertrain and the one or more electric motors. This conversion may be operable to produce torque from both internal combustion and electrical sources and may be operable to recover energy via regenerative braking. The conversion may be performed with little downtime and with the basic fundamental knowledge of a savvy car enthusiast.