Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a multi-functional composition including activated carbon that is useful for injection into aqueous mediums such as soil or groundwater for sequestration of contaminants in a contaminated plume. The composition of activated carbon may include physical and chemical properties to enhance mechanism of contaminant physisorption and chemisorption including enhanced adsorption kinetics through manipulation of particle surface area, enhanced capacity and selectivity through controlled pore size distribution and enhanced electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions with contaminants. The multi-functional composition may further include a positively-charged nitrogen-functionalized organic compound and/or moieties that improve the activated carbon's ability to sequester contaminants in a subsurface environment.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a multi-functional composition including activated carbon that is useful for injection or other application into soil or groundwater for removal (e.g., via adsorption) of inorganic contaminants in a contaminated plume. The composition of activated carbon may include physical and chemical properties to enhance the mechanism of contaminant physisorption and chemisorption including enhanced electrostatic interactions with contaminants. The multi-functional composition may further include one or more second materials (e.g., contaminant-selective agents) which comprise one or more compounds that improve the activated carbon's ability to sequester or otherwise immobilize inorganic contaminants in a subsurface environment.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are dual-form particulate carbonaceous sorbent compositions and methods of using such compositions to treat contaminated aquatic sediments. The dual-form particulate carbonaceous sorbent compositions may be deposited on a contaminated aquatic sediment in granular form to form an active barrier capping layer on the surface of the contaminated sediment, but then the sorbent composition undergoes particle size attrition within the active barrier capping layer thereby improving the adsorption kinetics and/or capacity of the sorbent material.