Abstract: A computer-implemented method for making executable specifications in the system development and/or the system validation of a functional system for a target device for a motor vehicle. The method includes: providing a function system including at least one model view of the one or multiple functions for controlling or regulating a target device; providing a selection interface configured for selecting and changing a system part in a provided first model view by a user; transferring and displaying the system part selected and/or changed in the first model view in another model view for the user; providing a specification-and-approval interface designed for selecting and/or checking and/or further adapting the displayed system parts or changes in the other model view and for approving the changes to the system made in the first and/or in the other model view by the user; adopting in an automated manner the approved changes.

Abstract: A method for managing accesses of multiple software components to software interfaces. In the method, a temporal allocation of the software components to the software interfaces is calculated statically based on requirements of the software components with respect to the software interfaces. The allocation is optimized continuously in light of an observed runtime behavior of the software components.

Abstract: A system for the exchange of messages through an application software. The system includes an abstraction layer for abstracting the messages and an interface library connected to the abstraction layer via a message broker.

Abstract: Described is a method for operating an internal combustion engine (1), in which method at least one parameter of the exhaust gas flowing in an exhaust-gas duct (10) is detected by at least one exhaust-gas probe (30; 32), wherein the internal combustion engine (1) is at least temporarily turned over by a starting device (3), during which an injection and combustion of fuel does not take place, and during and/or after which the exhaust-gas probe (30; 32) is adjusted.

Abstract: Described is a method for operating an internal combustion engine (1), in which method at least one parameter of the exhaust gas flowing in an exhaust-gas duct (10) is detected by at least one exhaust-gas probe (30; 32), wherein the internal combustion engine (1) is at least temporarily turned over by a starting device (3), during which an injection and combustion of fuel does not take place, and during and/or after which the exhaust-gas probe (30; 32) is adjusted.