Abstract: A MANET Signals of Opportunity (SoOP) network providing positioning information to mobile users cooperatively. Mobile nodes access SoOP/GNSS to determine location and share navigation and communication information with other users to extend coverage to adjacent nodes. The system also allows disadvantaged users to determine positioning based upon beacon information transmitted without access to GNSS signals.

Abstract: One or more embodiments of the invention provide a method, apparatus, system, and/or article of manufacture for multiplexing and displaying a video stream in real-time. An original video stream and replacement video stream are received in real-time. Both video streams comprise encoded data that consist of one or more anchor frames (i.e., a frame that is not dependent on any other frame), and one or more predicted frames (i.e., a frame that is a computed difference between two video frames). One or more successive frames of the original video stream are output in real-time. A point in the original video stream where the replacement video stream is to be inserted is determined. Output is switched in real-time, to the replacement video stream when the point to insert has arrived. Thereafter, the output is returned in real-time, to the original video stream when the replacement video stream is complete.