Abstract: A camshaft assembly and method of making a camshaft assembly is disclosed. Each of the cams includes a lobe boss portion that defines the cam lift profile, and a base portion that provides a surface for joining the cam to the shaft. In contrast to conventional ring-type cams, the base portion of the cam does not circumscribe the outer surface of the shaft, but instead extends only part way around the circumference or periphery of the shaft. This allows for radial mounting of the cams at virtually any timing angle, and permits the use of simple techniques for joining the cams to the shaft, including capacitance discharge welding. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract that will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. 37 CFR 1.72(b).

Abstract: An inventive cylinder liner of the present invention includes a dual phase graphite morphology. An outer diameter of the cylinder liner is comprised of ductile (nodular) and vermicular iron while an inner diameter of the cylinder liner is comprised of predominantly gray iron. A transition region of predominantly vermicular iron is preferably disposed between the inner diameter and the outer diameter. The inventive cylinder is preferably made using a centrifugal casting process, which provides a transition in the cylinder wall between the ductile and vermicular iron at the outer diameter to the predominantly gray iron at the inner diameter.

Abstract: An inventive cylinder liner of the present invention includes a dual phase graphite morphology. An outer diameter of the cylinder liner is comprised of ductile (nodular) and vermicular iron while an inner diameter of the cylinder liner is comprised of predominantly gray iron. A transition region of predominantly vermicular iron is preferably disposed between the inner diameter and the outer diameter. The inventive cylinder is preferably made using a centrifugal casting process, which provides a transition in the cylinder wall between the ductile and vermicular iron at the outer diameter to the predominantly gray iron at the inner diameter.

Abstract: An inventive cylinder liner of the prevent invention includes a dual phase graphite morphology. An outer diameter of the cylinder liner is comprised of ductile (nodular) and vermicular iron while an inner diameter of the cylinder liner is comprised of predominantly gray iron. A transition region of predominantly vermicular iron is preferably disposed between the inner diameter and the outer diameter. The inventive cylinder is preferably made using a centrifugal casting process, which provides a transition in the cylinder wall between the ductile and verimcular iron at the outer diameter to the predominantly gray iron at the inner diameter.

Abstract: A base body of a piston ring has an electroplated chrome or gas nitrided sub-layer formed on its outer peripheral face. The sub-layer is face-lapped, roughened through grit blasting, and then oil lapped to remove the asperities. The resulting plateau-reservoir surface has a smooth plateau and a number of reservoirs. A metallic nitride face coating is applied to the sub-layer. The reservoirs provide additional surface area to promote the bonding between the metallic nitride and the sub-layer. The coating does not eliminate the reservoirs, however. Thus, the reservoirs provide the additional function of storing lubricating oil which may be used during piston ring operation to eliminated unwanted wear.

Abstract: A vacuum operated valve and vacuum delay device is disclosed. The device, which may be connected to a variable vacuum source and employed to serve a vacuum operated switch or valve, includes a bleed orifice for restricting the passage of air therethrough and delaying the effect of vacuum on the switch or valve being served. A spring-loaded diaphragm within the device, operable by the variable vacuum source, is adapted to dissipate vacuum to the valve or switch being served by venting it to atmospheric pressure when the vacuum source reaches a predetermined high level. The vacuum delay and shutoff valve is particularly suitable for serving an exhaust gas recirculation valve of an automobile.