Abstract: Food or beverage container with two layers and a refrigerant material disposed between the two layers. The two layers have flanges outwardly disposed from the receptacle areas in the container. The two layers and/or flanges may be coupled together to form a liquid impervious seal. The refrigerant material may include a dye. A thermometer may be disposed in the refrigerant material or the receptacle area of the container.

Abstract: In this invention, a semiconductor device designed for use as an optical amplifier is provided with three sections; an input section, a middle section and an output section. A continuous optical waveguide extends through the input section, the middle section and the output section and the three sections are electrically isolated from each other. More specifically, a semiconductor laser amplifier is electrically split into three separate sections by implanting ions of, for example, hydrogen, helium or fluorine into the areas of the semiconductor amplifier which are between the middle section and the two end sections. The ion implantation provides a high degree of electrical isolation between the various sections, but it does not alter the continuity of the optical waveguide which passes through the three sections.

Abstract: Amplitude or intensity noise in the output of a laser in detuned operation is reduced by application of a frequency dependent transfer function which exploits amplitude-phase coupled noise described by the linewidth enhancement parameter .alpha. by applying an inverse of a replica of the amplitude noise recovered from the phase noise to the laser output. The noise canceling amplitude is applied to the laser output by a filter whose frequency dependent transfer function is related to the inverse of the amplitude-phase noise transfer function of the laser producing the output. The appropriate transfer function may be selected and/or adjusted in response to the magnitude of the amplitude noise. The intensity noise may be reduced by the factor 1/(1+.alpha..sup.2) which may squeeze the intensity noise below normal quantum limits.

Abstract: A controllable semiconductor laser system including a plurality of semiconductor regions operated at unequal saturation photon densities to permit optical and/or electrical control of lasing in at least one resonant cavity formed therebetween. A pair of such regions may operate as a controllable laser at greater than 100% differential quantum efficiency.

Abstract: An optically controlled semiconductor waveguide interferometer apparatus includes a Mach-Zehnder interferometer formed of semiconductor laser materials. A first optoelectronic switching means is adapted to be coupled across a first voltage potential and one of the optical paths of the interferometer. The first optoelectronic switching means has a first gap therein. Likewise, a second optoelectronic switching means is adapted to be coupled across a second voltage potential and the other of the optical paths. The second optoelectronic switching means has a respective gap therein. Light pulses are applied to the two gaps for controlling the index of refraction of the optical paths, whereby the light pulses control the interferometer so that the output intensity of the interferometer is modulated.