Abstract: Functionalized cyclopentene-derived oligomer mixtures are prepared by reacting oligomer mixtures which contain ethyleneic double bonds in one or more reaction steps starting from cyclopentene-derived oligomer mixtures of the formula I R1R2C═[═CH—(CH2)3—CH═]n═CR3R4  (I) where n is an integer from 1 to 15, and R1, R2, R3 and R4 are, independently of one another, hydrogen or alkyl, and are used as described.

Abstract: In a process for the hydroformylation of olefins having from 12 to 100 carbon atoms in the presence of a cobalt carbonyl catalyst at pressures of from 100 to 400 bar and at from 100 to 200° C., depressurization and recovery of the cobalt catalyst by extraction with an aqueous acid solution in the presence of atmospheric oxygen, (a) the extraction is carried out in the presence of a polymeric emulsion breaker selected from the group consisting of alkoxylated compounds containing amino, imino or OH groups, and (b) to achieve complete phase separation in the organic phase still containing small amounts of aqueous phase, the formation of relatively large droplets of the dispersed aqueous phase is effected in a coalescence stage.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the production of aldehydes or aldehydes and alcohols by hydroformylation of olefins in the presence of a complexing catalyst homogeneously dissolved in a reaction mixture, containing a metal of Group VIIIa of the periodic table of the elements and a phosphorus-free, polydentate nitrogen compound suitable for complex formation as ligand at temperatures ranging from 50 to 100° C.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of phosphabenzene compounds of the formulae I and II where R1 to R6, independently of one another, are hydrogen, COOM SO3M, NR3X, NR2, OR, COOR or SR, where M is hydrogen, NH4 or an alkali metal, X is an anion, R is hydrogen, C1-6-alkyl, or C1-12-alkyl, C6-12-aryl, C7-12-aralkyl or C3-6-heterocycloalkyl having 1 to 3 heteroatoms which may be substituted by the above radicals or linked to form fused rings, and —W— is a bridge comprising a covalent bond, an oxo group, a sulfur group, an amino group, a di-C1-6-alkylsilicon group or a C1-16-radial, which may be part of one or more linked cyclic or aromatic rings and may be interrupted by 1 to 3 heteroatoms, where the phosphabenzene ring o- or m-position not bonded to the bridge may carry one of the radicals R1 to R6, with the exception of bis-3,3′-(2,4,6-triphenyl-3-phosphabenzene)-1,1-biphenyl, by reacting corresponding pyrilium salts with PH3 in the presence of a catalytic amount of acid and in

Abstract: Phosphabenzene compounds of the formulae I and II where R1 to R6 are identical or different and are, for example, hydrogen, are prepared by reacting corresponding pyrylium salts with PH3 in the presence or absence of a solvent or diluent. The pyrylium salts are combined with PH3 at above 0° C. and reacted at a temperature in the range from 0° C. to 200° C. and a pressure above 1 bar without addition of an acid catalyst or a base.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of aldehydes or aldehydes and alcohols by hydroformylation of olefins containing more than 3 carbon atoms, comprising a hydroformylation stage, in which the olefin is hydroformylated under a pressure of form 50 to 1000 bar and at a temperature of from 50° to 180° C. by means of a rhodium catalyst dissolved in a homogenous reaction medium and a catalyst recovery stage comprising extraction of the rhodium catalyst with an aqueous solution of chelating agent, isolation of alcohols and/or aldehyde from the extracted hydroformylation product steam, precarbonylation of the aqueous rhodium-containing extract in the presence of carbon monoxide, synthesis gas as, or a gas mixture containing carbon monoxide under a pressure of from 50 to 1000 bar and at a temperature of from 50° to 180° C.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of n-butyraldehyde and/or n-butanol, whereina) 1,3-Butadiene or a butadiene-containing hydrocarbon mixture is reacted with an alcohol of the formula IROH I,where R is C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 -alkyl or alkenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by 1 or 2 C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -alkoxy or hydroxyl groups, or is C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 -aryl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the preparation of 6-aminocapronitrile or 6-aminocapronitrile-hexamethylene diamine mixtures by: a) reacting 5-formylvaleronitrile with ammonia and hydrogen in the presence of hydrogenation catalysts selected from the group consisting of metals or metal compounds rhenium, copper and elements of group VIII of the periodic table of elements, a hydrogenation discharge product being obtained; and b) extracting from the hydrogenation discharge product 6-aminocapronitrile and optionally hexamethylene diamine, provided that the hydrogenation catalyst does not contain copper, nickel or copper and nickel as it's only components.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of aldehydes or aldehydes and alcohols by hydroformylation of olefins containing more than 3 carbon atoms comprising a hydroformylation stage, in which the olefin is hydroformylated under a pressure of from 50 to 1000 bar and at a temperature of from 50.degree. to 180.degree. C.

Abstract: A fuel or lubricant composition containing polyisobutene amines and which contains at least one secondary polyisobutene amine of the formula I, ##STR1## in which R denotes a polyisobutene radical containing from 6 to 45 isobutylene units, up to 20% of the isobutylene units being replaceable by n-butylene units, provided that the amount of the secondary polyisobutene amine is larger than the amount of any corresponding primary or tertiary polyisobutene amine which may also be present.

Abstract: Manufacture of 6-aminocapronitrile or 6-aminocapronitrile/hexamethylene diamine mixtures, involving a) the reaction of at least one pentennitrile, selected from the group consisting of 2,3 and 4-pentennitrile with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of catalysts, which contain at least one element of the eighth subgroup as active components, obtaining a hydrogenation formylating discharge (I), b) the optional separation of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and the catalyst from the hydrogenation formylating discharge (I), obtaining a hydrogenation formylating discharge (II), c) the separation of 5-formyl valeronitrile from the hydrogenation formylating discharge (I) or (II), d) the reaction of separated 5-formyl valeronitrile with ammonia and hydrogen in the presence of hydrogenating catalysts, selected from the group consisting of rhenium, copper and its compounds as well as metals and metallic compounds of the eighth group, obtaining a hydrogenation discharge, and e) obtaining 6-aminocapronitrile and if ne

Abstract: A new portable clothes dryer for quickly drying clothes and other items, especially in a limited space. The inventive device includes an elongate main housing and a control housing adapted for attachment to a structure. A shaft extends between the top of the main housing and the lower end of the control housing. A hub is rotatably mounted on the shaft to permit rotation of the hub about longitudinal axis of the shaft. A motor is provided for rotating the hub about the longitudinal axis of the shaft. A plurality of elongate arms are radially extended outwards from the hub. The side wall of the main housing has a plurality of openings into the interior of the main housing to permit the passage of air. A heater and fan are provided in the interior of the housing for heating and blowing air.

Abstract: 5-Formylvaleric esters are prepared in a yield of not less than 90% by distillation of a formylvaleric ester mixture of 5-formylvaleric ester and either 3- or 4-formylvaleric ester or a mixture of 3- and 4-formylvaleric esters, where the ester radicals of the respective formylvaleric esters are identical, wherein the 3- or 4-formylvaleric ester or a mixture thereof is separated from the 5-formylvaleric ester in a distillation column at a pressure in the range from 2 to 100 mbar and a temperature of not above 150.degree. C. (measured as the temperature at the bottom of the column) and the esters used are the corresponding methyl or ethyl esters, where the purity of the 5-formylvaleric ester is not less than 98% and, as impurity, 4-formylvaleric ester is present in an amount of not more than 100 ppm.

Abstract: Polymers containing ethylenically unsaturated double bonds are hydroformylated by reacting aqueous dispersions of the polymers with hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of suitable hydroformylation catalysts.Also provided are the polymer dispersions obtainable by this process and the hydroformylated polymers themselves.

Abstract: An industrial preparation of aldehydes and/or alcohols from olefins of more than 3 carbon atoms by a catalytic hydroformylation of the olefin reactant at a pressure of from 50 to 1000 bar and a temperature of from 50 to 180.degree. C. in the presence of an uncomplexed rhodium catalyst homogeneously dissolved in the reaction medium. The catalytic activity of the rhodium is maintained, first by extracting it from the initially discharged reaction mixture by means of an aqueous solution of a nitrogen-containing complexing agent such as sulfonated or carboxylated pyridines, quinolines or the like. In a recycle of the complexed rhodium to be reused in the hydroformylation reaction, the aqueous rhodium-containing extract is fed to a precarbonylation stage where it subjected to a required precarbonylation in the presence of an essentially water-insoluble organic liquid and in the presence of carbon monoxide, synthesis gas or another gas mixture containing carbon monoxide at from 50 to 1000 bar and from 50 to 180.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of n-butyraldehyde and/or n-butanol, in whicha) 1,3-butadiene is caused to react with an amine of the formula IR.sup.1 R.sup.2 NH, Iin which R.sup.1 and R.sup.

Abstract: Phosphorus-containing calixarenes of the general formula I ##STR1## and a process for their preparation are described. Additionally, a process for the preparation of aldehydes by the hydroformylation of C.sub.3 -C.sub.20 -olefins by means of rhodium or ruthenium carbonyl complexes, in which the phosphorus-containing calixarenes of the formula I are used as ligands, is described.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of n-butyraldehyde and/or n-butanol, whereina) 1,3-butadiene is caused to react with an alcohol of the formula IROH I,to form a mixture of adducts of the formulas II ##STR1## and III ##STR2## b) the adduct III is isomerized to the adduct II, c) the adduct II is isomerized in the presence of a homogeneous or heterogeneous transition metal element catalyst to form the enol ether of the formula IV ##STR3## and d) n-butyraldehyde and/or n-butanol is/are produced from this ether IV by the reaction thereof with hydrogen and water or water only in the presence of a homogeneous or heterogeneous catalyst.

Abstract: Aldehydes or aldehydes and alcohols are prepared by hydroformylation of olefins of more than 3 carbon atoms by a process comprising the stage of hydroformylation by means of a rhodium catalyst homogeneously dissolved in the reaction medium, the separation of the rhodium catalyst from the discharge from the hydroformylation reaction and the recycling of the rhodium separated from the hydroformylation discharge to the hydroformylation stage, wherein the rhodium catalyst is extracted from the hydroformylation discharge into the aqueous phase by means of an aqueous solution of a water-soluble, phosphorus-containing complexing agent selected from the group consisting of the mono- or polysulfonated mono- and oligophosphines and/or from the group consisting of the mono- or polycarboxylated mono- or oligophosphines or the mono- or polysulfonated oligophosphites and the aldehyde or the aldehyde and the alcohol are isolated from the extracted hydroformylation discharge, the aqueous rhodium-containing extract is fed to

Abstract: Aldehydes with a higher number of carbon atoms and high selection are prepared by reacting olefins, in particular from petrochemical refinery products, by a hydroformylation with aldol condensation using a mixed catalyst of rhodium-carbonyl-phosphines and Mannich catalyst.