Abstract: Low fat meat compositions are provided that contain ingredients that act synergistically, allowing the compositions to successfully cook and surface char at temperatures of 700 degrees Fahrenheit and above, in one step, consisting of meat, water, textured protein concentrate, water binders, a fat binder/emulsifier/dispersion agent, and salt. These compositions reproduce the mouth-feel, taste, and texture of 100% meat char-broiled in the same manner. The invention makes possible high temperature cooking of meat compositions at lower fat content, far less than 19%, which was not possible prior to this invention. The preferred embodiment reduces the percentage of fat to a range of 9-11.25%, plus a negligible amount of fat from the non-meat ingredients, and this compares very favorably to 22% fat content stated as the optimum requirement, by the Nieco Company, manufacturer of high temperature broilers.

Abstract: Meat compositions are provided that have the capability to successfully char-cook at high temperatures of 700 degrees Fahrenheit and above, consisting of meat, water, textured protein concentrate, water binders, a fat binder/emulsifier/dispersion agent, and salt. The preferred embodiments reproduce the mouth-feel and taste of 100% meat. The invention makes possible high temperature cooking at lower fat content, which is not possible with meats containing less than 19% fat. The preferred embodiment reduces the percentage of fat to a range of 9-11.25%, plus a negligible amount of fat from the non-meat ingredients, and this compares very favorably to 22% fat content stated as the optimum requirement, by the Nieco Company, manufacturer of high temperature broilers.

Abstract: A self-starting, self-aspirating valveless jet engine comprising a combustor tube, a multiple tube intake duct, a flame holder, and a fuel supply means. High throttle capability has been achieved through the use of an intake duct consisting of multiple tubes, the intake duct being located on a common longitudinal axis with the combustor tube, and the inlet mouth of each intake tube in the intake duct facing forward in the direction of flight. A unique intake duct design succeeds in blocking all backflow of combustion gases during the combustion cycle, permitting the intake duct to be mounted facing the direction of flight. Intake tube inlet mouths that face forward in the direction of flight, maximize capture of ram air during flight, providing more air in the fuel to raise the fuel feed rate with a resulting increase in thrust. Blocking of all backflow gases increases thrust in another way, by increasing the buildup of pressure in the combustion chamber during the combustion process.