Abstract: Apparatus for use in determining electric potentials underwater includes Luggin tubes of small diameter which are open to the water at outer ends thereof. The outer ends are arranged at known spaced positions relative to one another. The potentials at the ends of the tubes are connected selectively via fluid in the tubes to a reference electrode. The potential at the reference electrode relative to a further electrode is measured.

Abstract: A cathodic protection anode incorporating a latticework anode of increased strength.

Abstract: The invention provides a submergeable structure provided with cathodic protection means comprising a flexible impressed current anode assembly including at least one elongate electrode wound around a rope and lying in the depressions between the strands of the rope to provide an anodic region and rope extensions extending from the anodic region in at least two different directions, said extensions being secured to the structure so as to space the anodic region from metal of the structure to be protected. In addition, the invention includes an impressed current anode assembly suitable for use as the above defined cathodic protection means and having an anodic region comprising an elongate electrode wound around an insulating rope which passes through the anodic region and extends therefrom in at least two different directions.

Abstract: A method of carrying out an electrolytic process utilizing an electrode formed of a film-forming metal having applied thereto coatings of a precious metal compound capable of decomposing upon heating, said compound being decomposed by heating, and a further layer of precious metal electroplated on to said fired compound layer.

Abstract: A titanium or niobium cathodic protection anode component comprising a strip of metal roll formed to have, in cross-section, a U-shaped portion with a pair of arms extending from the free edges of the U-shaped portion there being a layer of platinum on the convex surface of the spine of the strip, and systems incorporating such anodes.