Abstract: The present invention is a method and apparatus for terminating wires in terminals while monitoring the quality of the termination. Quantitative data is collected during the terminating operation, analyzed to determine whether or not the quality of the termination is within acceptable limits, and appropriate machine mechanisms are adjusted, when required, to assure continued high quality output. This is done in a completely automated environment.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the accurate and automatic determination of crimp height of a terminal being crimped onto a wire. The crimping apparatus includes a conventional crimping press having a reciprocating ram and base, each carrying a mating half of a crimping die set. A strain gage is arranged to measure crimping forces imposed on the terminal being crimped and a linear sensor measures the position of the ram during the crimping process. As the ram descends and the crimping begins, the force as indicated by the strain gage is monitored until it reaches a predetermined value. Monitoring continues until the force reaches substantially zero, at which time the position of the ram, as indicated by the linear sensor, is translated into crimp height.

Abstract: The circuit arrangement described measures the time when a frequency F.sub.o, changing towards a desired frequency value, differs by not more than a predetermined amount (e.g. 100 Hz) from the desired value. Initially F.sub.o is mixed with the sum of 10 MHz and the new desired value for F.sub.o. The lower sideband is selected and thus produces a frequency F.sub.1 which is thus always 10 MHz when F.sub.o reaches its desired value (which may be variable). The circuit therefore has to measure when F.sub.1 comes within 100 Hz of 10 MHz. Initially F.sub.1 is multiplied by a predetermined multiplication factor (.times.100) and the product subtracted from a reference frequency. The latter is the sum of a fixed frequency of 300 KHz and of 10 GHz (i.e. 10 MHz multiplied by 100). This therefore produces an output frequency F.sub.2 whose value differs from 300 KHz by 100 Hz.times.100 (or 10 KHz) when F.sub.1 differs from 10 MHz by 100 Hz.

Abstract: What are disclosed are compounds, useful as intermediates in the preparation of substituted penem compounds, of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is a removable esterifying group, R.sup.1 is lower alkyl or phenyl, R.sup.2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxyalkyl, lower alkanoyloxyalkyl, or tri-lower alkylsilyloxyalkyl, and R.sub.a, R.sub.b, R.sub.c, R.sub.d, and R.sub.e are hydrogen, aliphatic cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon, free or esterified carboxyl, halo, or cyano, and any two of R.sub.a -R.sub.e, taken together, may form a cycloaliphatic ring.

Abstract: What are disclosed are compounds, useful as intermediates in the preparation of substituted penem compounds, of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is a removable esterifying group, R.sup.2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxyalkyl, lower alkanoyloxyalkyl, or tri-lower alkylsilyloxyalkyl, and R.sub.a, R.sub.b, R.sub.c, R.sub.d, and R.sub.e are hydrogen, aliphatic cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon, free or esterified carboxyl, halo, or cyano, and any two of R.sub.a -R.sub.e, taken together, may form a cycloaliphatic ring.

Abstract: What are disclosed are compounds, useful as intermediates in the preparation of substituted penem compounds, of the formula ##STR1## methods for making such compounds from intermediates of the formula ##STR2## by reaction of the latter with a nucleophilic compound, methods for making such intermediates from compounds of the formula ##STR3## by reaction of the last-mentioned compounds with a tervalent phosphorus compound, and methods for making said last-mentioned compounds by cyclizing compounds of the formula ##STR4## with a tervalent phosphorus compound.