Abstract: A tube cleaning device with a shaft having a front end and a rear end defining a length therebetween is provided. The tube cleaning device has a plurality of projections extending from the shaft in a spiral configuration around the length of the shaft. The shaft and the plurality of projections are made of metal and have a polymeric coating thereon. The shaft and the plurality of projections may be composed of stainless steel. The polymeric coating is a natural or synthetic rubber material. A method of making the tube cleaning device and a method of using the tube cleaning device are also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus (1) for use of carbonized charcoal powder as an electrode is provided. Charcoal is provided as a powder, carbonized, and placed in a container (16) by which compressive pressure is applied to the carbonized-charcoal powder via one or more sides of the container (16). As a result of the compressive pressure the packed-bed (11) of carbonized-charcoal powder manifests a resistivity of less than about 1 ohm-cm and is suitable for use as an electrode in a fuel cell, battery or electrolyzer. The apparatus is adapted with electrical contacts (8, 9, 10) to conduct electric flow to or from the electrode and adapted for communication of an electrolyte with the electrode.