Abstract: A recoil device is provided for a gun having a barrel with a breech. The device includes a breech nut, a brake assembly, a pneumatic spring and a counter-recoil buffer. The breech nut has first and second adjacent sides. The brake assembly includes a brake cylinder that mounts to the breech nut on the first side. The pneumatic spring mounts to the breech nut on the second side. The counter-recoil buffer attaches to the pneumatic spring. The brake cylinder and the pneumatic spring internally push fluids for recoil absorption and return in response to firing the gun.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing an integrated optical device using a wafer of lithium niobate, an optical waveguide is formed in the wafer by diffusing from a surface thereof a metal such as titanium, nickel or zinc and which changes the refractive index of the lithium niobate. A chemical vapor deposition process is used to deposit on the wafer surface a silicon dioxide buffer layer, the process being operated with the temperature of the wafer substantially in the region of about 170.degree. C. to 225.degree. C. A metallic electrode array is deposited on the silicon dioxide buffer layer, and then the wafer is mounted in a package, with suitable optic and electric connections being made thereto. The package is hermetically sealed to protect the connected wafer from the environment.