Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems for controlling a tissue-treatment motion by a surgical instrument are disclosed.

Abstract: An improved tessellation graphics pipeline that obviates that use of early stage vertex shaders and hull shaders and allows greater efficiency and flexibility. Embodiments provide a graphics pipeline beginning with a tessellator that may obtain tessellation factors in any manner such as reading from a memory of factors provided by a developer or computing the factors using a compute kernel. In some embodiments, a single vertex shader may follow the tessellator and perform all the necessary vertex shading for the pipeline. Furthermore, in some embodiments, a compute kernel is used to generate the tessellation factors. The compute kernel provides flexibility that allows its employment for some graphic portions and not others. In addition, the streamlined pipeline facilitates the efficient use of scaling to determine tessellation factors for the same graphic portion at different camera distances or desired levels of replication of the mathematical model.

Abstract: Methods and systems for determining a proportion of a metabolic fuel being metabolized are disclosed. A computer can receive concentration measurements of substances exhaled by a user during a time period. The computer can determine a time of interest that occurs during the time period when a change occurs in the proportion of a first metabolic fuel type being metabolized by the user. The change in the proportion can be determined based on the concentration measurements of the substances, such as a respiratory quotient which corresponds to the levels of the first metabolic fuel type and a second metabolic fuel type being metabolized. These proportions can be indicated to the user as well as the time of interest when the change in the proportion occurs in the first metabolic fuel type being metabolized.