Abstract: A method of transmitting a data payload from one or more network nodes. The method includes transmitting a first data packet from a network node of the one or more network nodes and subsequently transmitting a second data packet from the network node of the one or more network nodes. The first data packet includes a set of blocks arranged in a first order and the second data packet including the set of blocks arranged in a second order that is different from the first order. Each block of the set of blocks includes a different section of the data payload and the sections of the data payload included by blocks of the set of blocks together define the entire data payload.

Abstract: Carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation is effected by transmission of contemporaneous bit patterns, detectable by a receiver. By analysis of periodicity of bit error occurrences at the receiver, a beating period caused by interference between the two transmitters can be identified. From this beating period, a measure of CFO can be obtained.

Abstract: Method for transmitting data from a plurality of child nodes to a parent node in a wireless network, wherein each child node is configured to send messages directed to a root node of the network via the parent node, the method comprising the parent node: dividing a first time period into a plurality of timeslots; assigning a MAC protocol to one or more child node for transmission of data to the parent node during the first time period; allocating one or more of said plurality of timeslots into which the first period is divided to said one or more child nodes for transmission to the parent node according to the MAC protocol assigned to them; transmitting details of the respective assigned MAC protocol and allocated timeslot to said one or more child nodes.

Abstract: The present subject-matter provide a controller for a low-power, wireless, software defined networking, SDN, architecture. The controller comprises a processor and a memory storing instructions for execution by the processor. The instructions, when executed by the processor cause the controller to implement: a control layer arranged to detect a communication type for processing an application over the network, and translate the communication type into a plurality of phases chosen from a pre-defined set of phases to configure the nodes of the network to respond to the application according to the communication type.

Abstract: A 3D localization microscopy system, 4D localisation microscopy system, or an emitter tracking system arranged to cause a phase difference between light passing to or from one part of the objective relative to light passing to or from another part of the objective, to produce a point emitter image which comprises two lobes, a separation between which is related to the position of the emitter relative to the objective of the imaging system, and in the 4D system a further property of the image or of the light to or from the objective is related to another location independent property of the emitter.

Abstract: A 3D localization microscopy system, 4D localisation microscopy system, or an emitter tracking system arranged to cause a phase difference between light passing to or from one part of the objective relative to light passing to or from another part of the objective, to produce a point emitter image which comprises two lobes, a separation between which is related to the position of the emitter relative to the objective of the imaging system, and in the 4D system a further property of the image or of the light to or from the objective is related to another location independent property of the emitter.