Abstract: This document discusses, among other things, systems and methods for ultrasonic-assisted cleaning of cross-flow membrane filters, both within and removed from a filtration system. In one example, an applied vacuum reduces a cavitation threshold, avoiding damage to certain sensitive filter membranes. In another example, the ultrasonic-assisted cleaning is used in conjunction with backflushing. In another example, different levels of ultrasound are applied to different portions of the filtration system.

Abstract: A method of forming a concentrate, the concentrate having a predetermined concentration of a component in the concentrate. The method comprising the steps of: filtering a fluid thereby separating the fluid into a permeation and the concentrate; determining the concentration of the component in the concentrate; and if concentration of the component is greater than a predetermined concentration, decreasing the concentration of the component to the predetermined concentration. Dilution is achieved by feeding permeate into the concentrate or by controlling a pressure differential within a filter.