Abstract: An HVAC system for a vehicle including: a transparent metallic layer configured to be mounted to a windshield; a control module configured to apply voltage from a power supply to the transparent metallic layer to heat the windshield; and an HVAC case defining a face outlet and a combined foot and side window outlet, the HVAC case including a mode door movable to control airflow through both the face outlet and the combined foot and side window outlet.

Abstract: An electrical heating system for a vehicle. The system includes: a transparent metallic layer configured to be mounted to a transparent material, conduct electrical current, and increase in temperature to heat the transparent material in response to electrical current running across the transparent metallic layer; a power supply; a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system configured to heat and cool a passenger cabin of the vehicle; and a control module. The control module is configured to: apply voltage from the power supply to the transparent metallic layer to heat the transparent material; and apply voltage from the power supply to a component of the HVAC system to heat the component of the HVAC system.

Abstract: A system for electrically heating glass configured for installation on a vehicle. The system includes: a transparent metallic layer configured to be mounted to the glass, conduct electrical current, and increase in temperature to heat the glass in response to electrical current running across the transparent metallic layer; a glass temperature sensor configured to sense a glass temperature of the glass; a humidity sensor configured to sense humidity of at least one of cabin humidity inside the vehicle and exterior humidity outside of the vehicle; a cabin temperature sensor configured to sense cabin temperature of the vehicle; an exterior temperature sensor configured to sense exterior temperature outside of the vehicle; and a control module.

Abstract: A seat having a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) unit attached thereto includes a base, an aperture, and an activation point. The base has at least one channel therein. The at least one channel receives airflow from the HVAC unit. The aperture is disposed in a surface of the base and in fluid communication with the at least one channel. The activation point provides selective communication through the aperture.

Abstract: A system for modifying viscosity of a lubricant. The system including a viscosity modification device configured to change viscosity of the lubricant between a first viscosity and a second viscosity. The second viscosity is lower than the first viscosity.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided and include a control module that receives a communication packet from a communication node that includes at least one of a vehicle sensor and a vehicle system via a controller area network bus. The control module determines whether the communication packet from the communication node indicates that the vehicle sensor or the vehicle system associated with the communication node is operating outside of a predetermined acceptable operating range. The control module sends an authentication message to the communication node in response to the communication packet indicating that the vehicle sensor or vehicle system is operating outside of the predetermined acceptable operating range. The control module determines whether a valid authentication code is received from the communication node and performs a remedial action for the communication node in response to the valid authentication code not being received from the communication node.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided and include a control module that receives a communication packet from a communication node that includes at least one of a vehicle sensor and a vehicle system via a controller area network bus. The control module determines whether the communication packet from the communication node indicates that the vehicle sensor or the vehicle system associated with the communication node is operating outside of a predetermined acceptable operating range. The control module sends an authentication message to the communication node in response to the communication packet indicating that the vehicle sensor or vehicle system is operating outside of the predetermined acceptable operating range. The control module determines whether a valid authentication code is received from the communication node and performs a remedial action for the communication node in response to the valid authentication code not being received from the communication node.

Abstract: A system for an internal combustion engine can include a separation device and an engine component including first and second valves. The separation device can separate intake air into a volume of nitrogen-rich air and a volume of oxygen-rich air. A first valve element can be movable relative to a first valve body and can have an annular shape disposed about a central axis of the combustion chamber. The first valve body can be fluidly coupled to the separation device and direct the oxygen-rich air into a central area of the combustion chamber. A second valve element can be movable relative to a second valve body and can have an annular shape disposed about the central axis, radially outward of the first valve. The second valve body can be fluidly coupled to the separation device and can direct the nitrogen-rich air to a peripheral area of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A system for modifying viscosity of a lubricant. The system including a viscosity modification device configured to change viscosity of the lubricant between a first viscosity and a second viscosity. The second viscosity is lower than the first viscosity.

Abstract: The present teachings provide for an air system for an internal combustion engine (“ICE”). The air system can include a compressor, separation device, first conduit, second conduit and a system for controlling a ratio of gasses that enter the combustion chamber during an intake stroke. The separation device can include a housing and membrane. The housing can be fluidly coupled to the compressor and configured to receive a first volume of intake air therefrom. The membrane can be disposed within the housing and configured to separate the first volume of intake air into a volume of nitrogen-rich air and a volume of oxygen-rich air. The first conduit can fluidly couple the compressor to the combustion chamber. The second conduit can fluidly couple the compressor to the separation device. The gasses can include the volume of nitrogen-rich air, the volume of oxygen-rich air, and a second volume of intake air.

Abstract: A system for an internal combustion engine can include a separation device and an engine component including first and second valves. The separation device can separate intake air into a volume of nitrogen-rich air and a volume of oxygen-rich air. A first valve element can be movable relative to a first valve body and can have an annular shape disposed about a central axis of the combustion chamber. The first valve body can be fluidly coupled to the separation device and direct the oxygen-rich air into a central area of the combustion chamber. A second valve element can be movable relative to a second valve body and can have an annular shape disposed about the central axis, radially outward of the first valve. The second valve body can be fluidly coupled to the separation device and can direct the nitrogen-rich air to a peripheral area of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: The present teachings provide for an air system for an internal combustion engine (“ICE”). The air system can include a compressor, separation device, first conduit, second conduit and a system for controlling a ratio of gasses that enter the combustion chamber during an intake stroke. The separation device can include a housing and membrane. The housing can be fluidly coupled to the compressor and configured to receive a first volume of intake air therefrom. The membrane can be disposed within the housing and configured to separate the first volume of intake air into a volume of nitrogen-rich air and a volume of oxygen-rich air. The first conduit can fluidly couple the compressor to the combustion chamber. The second conduit can fluidly couple the compressor to the separation device. The gasses can include the volume of nitrogen-rich air, the volume of oxygen-rich air, and a second volume of intake air.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine combustion system, including an ignition element and an ignition actuation member. The ignition element is configured to ignite an air-fuel mixture compressed within a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. The ignition actuation member is movable between a first position in which the ignition actuation member prevents ignition of the air-fuel mixture when present in the combustion chamber, and a second position in which the ignition actuation member permits ignition of the air-fuel mixture by exposing the ignition element to the air-fuel mixture when the air-fuel mixture is present in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine combustion system, including an ignition element and an ignition actuation member. The ignition element is configured to ignite an air-fuel mixture compressed within a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. The ignition actuation member is movable between a first position in which the ignition actuation member prevents ignition of the air-fuel mixture when present in the combustion chamber, and a second position in which the ignition actuation member permits ignition of the air-fuel mixture by exposing the ignition element to the air-fuel mixture when the air-fuel mixture is present in the combustion chamber.