Abstract: An integral combination of column and pile for use in building structures in a sandy soil. The method of formation is to provide a ground situs of suitable depth and width formed preferably by an hydraulic-powered auger. The situs is then filled with a cementitious slurry. A reinforced precast concrete column is provided having reinforcing bars extending a substantial length out of its bottom. The exposed bars are inserted into the slurry until the column merges with the slurry. Upon the hardening of the slurry, the result is an integral column and pile set into the ground.

Abstract: An integral combination of column and pile for use in building structures in a sandy soil. The method of formation is to provide a ground situs of suitable depth and width formed preferably by an hydraulic-powered auger. The situs is then filled with a cementitious slurry. A reinforced precast concrete column is provided having reinforcing bars extending a substantial length out of its bottom. The exposed bars are inserted into the slurry until the column merges with the slurry. Upon the hardening of the slurry, the result is an integral column and pile set into the ground.

Abstract: A fibre optic gyroscope arrangement having a nulling feedback control loop, the gyroscope including means 40 for varying wavelength of the light source 41 for a predetermined period of time at switch-on of the gyroscope and means for subsequently operating the light source 41 at a fixed wavelength.

Abstract: An optical waveguide interferometer arrangement includes a single-mode optical waveguide device which diverges into two waveguide branches of identical optical length which converge into another single waveguide. The optical properties of the two branches are variable by electrical fields applied via adjacent electrodes, which are energized with a composite waveform comprising (for example) a symmetrical ramp superimposed on a square wave of the same period. The two component waveforms are in phase but of different amplitudes such that the output light is intensity modulated at a frequency which is some multiple of that of the input waveforms. Adjustment of the square wave amplitude provides the means to phase shift the optical output signal.