Abstract: A packaged semiconductor chip includes a semiconductor sub strate having formed thereon: radio-frequency (RF) input and output contact pads, DC contact pads, and first and second amplifier stages. An input of the first amplifier stage is coupled with the RF input contact pad. An input and an output of the second amplifier stage are respectively coupled to an output of the first amplifier stage and the RF output contact pad. The DC contact pads and the input of the first amplifier stages are connected via an input bias coupling path. The outputs of the amplifier stages are connected via an output bias coupling path. The chip further includes a lead frame having RF input and output pins electrically coupled to the RF input and output contact pads, and input bias pins electrically coupled to the DC contact pad.

Abstract: A spark-ignition, direct injection internal combustion engine includes a fuel injector effective to produce a fuel spray pattern which is relatively compact at low loads and relatively large at high loads.

Abstract: A spark-ignition, direct injection internal combustion engine includes a fuel injector effective to produce a fuel spray pattern which is relatively compact at low loads and relatively large at high loads.

Abstract: A spark ignition enhancer is provided in a combustion chamber of a spark ignition direct injection engine. The combustion chamber includes a fuel injector operable to spray a fuel plume into the chamber near a spark gap. The ignition enhancer includes a diversion element that extends into the fuel plume, between the fuel injector and the spark gap, to divert some of the fuel spray toward the spark gap to provide a spark ignitable air-fuel mixture at the spark gap, located outside of the spray plume. The diversion element may be mounted on a spark plug or on an adjacent element. The ignition enhancer improves ignitability by breaking up droplets in the spray plume, enhancing fuel vaporization, and diverting some fuel vapor to a spark gap outside the spray plume or away from a spark gap in the spray plume, so that liquid fuel at the gap is reduced, small scale turbulence is increased and gradients in fuel vapor distribution at the gap are reduced.