Abstract: A process is disclosed for making ultra fine fibers comprising forming a continuous cladding about a plurality of coated metallic wires. The cladding is drawn for reducing the outer diameter and for diffusion bonding the coating within the cladding. A plurality of the drawn claddings are assembled and a second cladding is formed the remainders. The second cladding is drawn for further reducing the outer diameter. The sacrificial coating and the claddings are removed to obtain a plurality of ultra fine fibers. In some embodiments, the ultra fine fibers are converted through a doping process.

Abstract: An improved formed membrane and process of making is disclosed comprising the deposition of fine metallic fibers onto a formed substrate. The deposited fine fibers accumulate on the formed substrate to form a formed layer of membrane material. Catalytically active particles can be dispersed with the fine fibers. A nonporous mask can be applied to a portion of the formed substrate. The formed layer of membrane material is sintered for forming the formed membrane.

Abstract: An improved tubular membrane and process of making is disclosed comprising the deposition of fine metallic fibers onto a substrate. The deposited fine metallic fibers are heated to form a flexible membrane. Catalytically active particles can be dispersed with the fine metallic fibers. The flexible membrane is wound to form a membrane winding. The membrane winding is sintered for forming a substantially rigid tubular membrane.

Abstract: A micro fuel cell array and method of making is disclosed for providing electrical power to an electrical load upon flow of a first and a second gas. The micro fuel cell array comprises an array of the fuel cell elements each comprising a first electrode element surrounded by a second electrode element with an electrolyte interposed therebetween. The array is drawn for miniaturizing the array and for electrically interconnecting the second electrode elements to form a second fuel cell electrode for connection to the electrical load. The first fuel cell elements are interconnected by a first electrode element for connection to the electrical load.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for making a capacitor comprising a first capacitor plate element covered with a spacing material selected for forming a capacitor dielectric. The first capacitor plate element and the spacing material is encased with a second capacitor element. The second capacitor plate element is drawn for reducing the outer diameter thereof. A multiplicity of the capacitor elements are inserted within a second capacitor plate connector. The second capacitor plate connector is drawn for reducing the outer diameter of the metallic tube and for electrically interconnecting the multiplicity of the second capacitor plate elements with the second capacitor plate connector to form a second capacitor plate. The multiplicity of the first capacitor elements are interconnected with a first capacitor plate connector to form a first capacitor plate. The spacing material is replaced with a dielectric material to form the capacitor thereby.

Abstract: The invention relates to fine metallic alloy fibers and the process of making the fine metallic alloy fiber comprising the steps of forming a first and a second metallic alloy component into a composite having a physical configuration suitable for a drawing process. The composite is drawn to provide a fine composite fiber formed from the first and second metallic alloy components. A portion of one of the first and second alloy components is removed to provide a proper volumetric relationship between the first and second metallic alloy components for producing a desired metallic alloy. The fine composite fiber is heated for converting the remainder of the first and second metallic alloy components into the desired metallic alloy to provide the fine metallic alloy fiber.

Abstract: An improved fluid separating device for filtering a second fluid from a first fluid. The improved fluid separating device comprises a first layer of filter media comprising a sintered matrix of first fibers. A second layer of filter membrane comprises a matrix of second fibers. A third layer of filter media comprises a sintered matrix of third fibers. The first, second and third layers are formed into a lamination with the second layer being interposed between the first and third layers. The second layer has a pore size substantially less than the pore size of the first and third layers for enabling the second fluid to pass through the second layer and for inhibiting the first fluid from passing through the second layer for separating the second fluid from the first fluid. The improved fluid separating device is suitable for separating a gas from a liquid as well as separating a gas from a dissimilar gas.

Abstract: A chemical process is disclosed for extracting copper or iron (M). The copper or iron is exposed to a leaching solution comprised of a metal salt (m) such that the copper or iron (M) is solvated and the metal ion (m) is reduced according to the reaction 2m+3(aq)+M(s)→2m+2(aq)+M+2(aq). An electrolytic cell has an anion exchange membrane separating an anode chamber from a cathode chamber. The leaching solution with the solvated copper or iron is placed into the cathode chamber of the electrolytic cell. A second solution comprising a reduced state metal salt m+2 of the salt in the leaching solution is then added to the electrolytic cell anode chamber. A voltage is applied to reduce and deposit the copper Cu+2 or iron Fe+2 at the cathode and to oxidize the metal m+2 at the anode. The oxidized metal m+2 in the anode chamber is then recycled as leaching solution for solvating copper or iron.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for making a capacitor having a first capacitor plate element covered with a spacing material selected for forming a capacitor dielectric. The first capacitor plate element and the spacing material is encased with a second capacitor element. The second capacitor plate element is drawn for reducing the outer diameter thereof. A multiplicity of the capacitor elements are inserted within a second capacitor plate connector. The second capacitor plate connector is drawn for reducing the outer diameter of the metallic tube and for electrically interconnecting the multiplicity of the second capacitor plate elements with the second capacitor plate connector to form a second capacitor plate. The multiplicity of the first capacitor elements are interconnected with a first capacitor plate connector to form a first capacitor plate. The spacing material is replaced with a dielectric material to form the capacitor thereby.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for making a capacitor comprising a first capacitor plate element covered with a spacing material selected for forming a capacitor dielectric. The first capacitor plate element and the spacing material is encased with a second capacitor element. The second capacitor plate element is drawn for reducing the outer diameter thereof. A multiplicity of the capacitor elements are inserted within a second capacitor plate connector. The second capacitor plate connector is drawn for reducing the outer diameter of the metallic tube and for electrically interconnecting the multiplicity of the second capacitor plate elements with the second capacitor plate connector to form a second capacitor plate. The multiplicity of the first capacitor elements are interconnected with a first capacitor plate connector to form a first capacitor plate. The spacing material is replaced with a dielectric material to form the capacitor thereby.