Abstract: This invention relates to powdered flux compositions and their use in purifying molten mixtures of aluminum and silicon before casting. The powdered flux compositions comprise a carbonate, a sodium and hydrogen free fluoride, and amorphous or encapsulated red phosphorus. The major advantage of the powdered flux is that all necessary components needed to purify the molten mixtures of aluminum and silicon and refine the silicon particles are together in one package, and purification can be carried out in one step.

Abstract: This invention relates to powdered flux compositions and their use in purifying molten mixtures of aluminum and silicon before casting. The powered flux compositions comprise a carbonate, a sodium and hydrogen free fluoride, and amorphous or encapsulated red phosphorus. The major advantage of the powered flux is that all necessary components needed to purify the molten mixtures of aluminum and silicon and refine the silicon particles are together in one package, and purification can be carried out in one step.

Abstract: An injection lance is provided for introducing flux mixtures and the like into baths of molten metal, which lance has inner and outer spaced metal tubes with between them a tubular sheath of refractory material that is spaced from both the inner and outer tubes by air gaps. The outer tube may be of high temperature metal with a refractory coating. The tubes can be maintained in coaxial relationship by an end cap at the inlet end of the lance and by rammed ceramic fibre insulation introduced at both ends, the outer tube at the discharge end being chamfered and containing a body of rammed insulation in which the inner tube is buried, with the terminal portion of the flow passage through the lance at the discharge end being provided as a passage formed through the rammed insulation.